1. Intro to Phrases, Clauses, and Commas
DOL
Intro to Phrases, Clauses, and Commas

2. Sentences A group of words that expresses a complete thought.
Every sentence has two parts:
A subject (the part with the noun)
A predicate (the part with the verb)
The third door on the right opened very slowly.
The green truck raced across the bridge.
Sentences are made up of phrases and clauses

3. Phrases and Clauses Phrases Clauses
Groups of words that lack either a subject or a verb
An incomplete thought
Ex:
In the house
On the roof
The big dude over there
In your dreams
Clauses
Groups of words with both a subject and a verb
There are two types of clauses

4. Two Types of Clauses Dependent Clauses Independent Clauses
Have a noun and a verb, but CANNOT stand alone as sentences
Ex.
Which was the thing that made me angry
While I stood there
Although I didn’t see it
Must be attached to independent clauses
Independent Clauses
Have a noun and a verb and CAN stand alone as sentences
Ex.
It made me so angry
I stood there in the rain
I saw the whole thing
Simple sentences are made up of just one Independent Clause.
Every sentence must have at least one!

5. Clause or Phrase? 11/2
On a sheet of lined paper, identify each of the following as either a Clause ( C ), or a Phrase (P).
In the kitchen
I walked downtown
When I walked to the bedroom
Without the necessary equipment
Fighting against the enemy
The dog groaned at the food
Whenever I talk to my parents

6. Dependent or Independent? 11/3
On a sheet of lined paper, identify each of the following as one of the following:
Dependent Clause (D)
Independent Clause (I)
Phrase (P)
While I was standing in the kitchen
Without a clue in the world
I ran across the field
In the barn
Whenever I feel depressed
The man with the funny hat
She stood in the bleachers
The airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow
I walked downtown
Since I won

7. (More) Dependent or Independent?11/4
On a sheet of lined paper, identify each of the following as one of the following:
Dependent Clause (D)
Independent Clause (I)
Phrase (P)
**Make sure Ds and Ps are distinct!!!
It’s only a flesh wound
Wherever he goes
Since she laughed
After the devastation
Because I can
Most people never listen
Sparkling like tiny diamonds
That she is here
I love narwhals
But it is difficult

8. Types of Sentences Simple Sentence Compound Complex Compound-Complex
One independent clause
I am sleepy.
Compound
Two independent clauses and either a coordinate conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a semicolon
He is a good student, so he does his homework.
He is a good student; he does his homework.
Complex
One independent and one dependent clause
I read my book while I waited for the train.
Compound-Complex
At least two independent and one dependent clause
The dog lived in the backyard, but the cat, who knew he was superior, lived inside the house.

9. Identify the Clauses I am going home, and I intend to stay there.
One of these sentences is a COMPOUND Sentence, the other two are COMPLEX sentences. This means that there are 4 Independent clauses, and 2 Dependent clauses.
Copy the sentences, then underline the Independent Clauses once, and the Dependent Clauses twice.
I am going home, and I intend to stay there.
I ate breakfast before I went to work.
Because doctors are concerned about the rising death rate from asthma, they have called for more research into its causes.