1. Chapter 1 Data Communications and NM Overview 1-1 Chapter 1
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-1

2. Outline Notes Analogy of telephone network
Chapter 1
Outline
Analogy of telephone network
Data and telecommunication network
Distributed computing environment
Internet
Protocols and standards
IT management
Network and system management
Current status and future of network management
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
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3. Telephone Network Notes Characteristics:
Chapter 1
Telephone Network
Characteristics:
Reliable - does what is expected of it
Dependable - always there when you need it (remember 911?)
Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well
Reasons:
Good planning, design, and implementation
Good operation and management of network
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-3

4. Telephone Network Model
Chapter 1
Telephone Network Model
Notes
Notice the hierarchy of switches
Primary and secondary routes programmed
into switches
Automatic routing (Failure  Alternative route)
Where is the most likely failure?  Proactive monitoring
Use of Operations Support Systems to ensure QoS
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5. Operations Systems / NOC
Chapter 1
Operations Systems / NOC
Monitor telephone network parameters
S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc.
Real-time management of network
Trunk (logical entity between switches) maintenance system measures loss and S/N. Trunks not meeting QoS are removed before customer notices poor quality
Traffic measurement systems measure call blockage. Additional switch planned to keep the call blockage below acceptable level
Operations systems are distributed at central offices
Network management done centrally from Network Operations Center (NOC)
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-5

6. Data and Telecommunication Network
Chapter 1
Data and Telecommunication Network
Notes
Computer data is carried over long distance by telephone (telecommunication network)
Output of telephone is analog and output of computers is digital
Modem is used to “modulate” and “demodulate” computer data to analog format and back
Clear distinction between the two networks is getting fuzzier with modern multimedia networks
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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1-6

7. IBM SNA Architecture Notes
Chapter 1
IBM SNA Architecture
Notes
IBM System Network Architecture (SNA) is a major step in network architecture
SNA is based on multitude of (dumb) terminals accessing a mainframe host at a remote location
Less expensive than using telecom networks
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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8. DCE with LAN Notes Driving technologies for DCE: Desktop processor LAN
Chapter 1
DCE with LAN
DCE.. Distributed Computing Environment
Notes
Driving technologies for DCE:
Desktop processor
LAN
LAN - WAN network
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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9. LAN-WAN Network Notes Major impacts of DCE:
Chapter 1
LAN-WAN Network
Notes
Major impacts of DCE:
No more monopolistic service provider
 Need for standards
No centralized IT controller
Hosts doing specialized function
Client/Server architecture formed the core of DCE network
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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10. Client/Server Model Notes
Chapter 1
Client/Server Model
Request
Response
Notes
Post office analogy; clerk the server, and the customer the client
Client always initiates requests & waits
Server always responds – waiting for requests
Notice that control is handed over to the receiving entity  A client can’t initiate a process in the server
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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1-10

11. Client/Server Examples
Chapter 1
Client/Server Examples
Notes
Concurrent processing of requests by server
minimizes delay
Cooperative computing processes (Client, Mail, DNS)
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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12. TCP/IP Based Networks Notes TCP/IP is a suite of protocols
Chapter 1
TCP/IP Based Networks
TCP/IP is a suite of protocols
Internet is based on TCP/IP
IP is Internet protocol at the network layer level
TCP is connection-oriented transport protocol and ensures end-to-end connection
UDP is connectionless transport protocol and provides datagram service
Much of the network mgmt. messages are
based on UDP/IP
ICMP part of TCP/IP suite
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-12

13. Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite (Stallings2000)
Chapter 1
Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite (Stallings2000)
1-13

14. Internet Configuration
Chapter 1
Internet Configuration
Notes
Walk through the scenario of from Joe to Sally
How is the Internet managed?  If mail doesn’t reach
Destination, then where is the failure?
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-14

15. Architecture, Protocols and Standards
Chapter 1
Architecture, Protocols and Standards
Communication architecture
Modeling of communication systems, comprising
functional components of a network and
operational interfaces between them
Communication protocols
Operational procedures
intra- and inter-modules
Communication standards
Agreement between manufacturers on protocols of communication equipment on
physical characteristics and
operational procedures
Notes
Examples: (Students to call out)
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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16. Communication Architecture
Chapter 1
Communication Architecture
Notes
Inter-layer interface: user and service provider
Peer-layer protocol interface
Analogy of hearing-impaired student
Role of intermediate systems
Gateway: Router with protocol conversion as gateway to an autonomous network or subnet
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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17. OSI Reference Model Notes
Chapter 1
OSI Reference Model
Notes
Importance of the knowledge of layer structure in NM
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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18. OSI Layers and Services
Chapter 1
OSI Layers and Services
Notes
Importance of services offered by different layers and the protocol conversion at different layers in NM
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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1-18

19. PDU Communication Model
Chapter 1
PDU Communication Model
Notes
What is the relevance of PDU model in NM?
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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20. SNA, OSI, and Internet Notes Similarity between SNA and OSI
Chapter 1
SNA, OSI, and Internet
Notes
Similarity between SNA and OSI
Simplicity of Internet; specifies only layers 3 and 4
Integrated application layers over Internet
Commonality of layers 1 and 2 - IEEE standard
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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21. Application Protocols
Chapter 1
Application Protocols
Notes
Internet user OSI user
Telnet Virtual Terminal
File Transfer Protocol File Transfer Access & Mgmt
Simple Mail Transfer Message-oriented Text Protocol Interchange Standard
Simple Network Common Management Management Protocol Information Protocol
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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22. NM Case Histories Notes The case of the Footprint
Chapter 1
NM Case Histories
The case of the Footprint
Case of the crashing bridge
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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1-22

23. Common Network Problems
Chapter 1
Common Network Problems
Loss of connectivity
Duplicate IP address
Intermittent problems
Network configuration issues
Non-problems
Performance problems
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-23

24. Challenges of IT Managers
Chapter 1
Challenges of IT Managers
Reliability
Non-real time problems
Rapid technological advance
Managing client/server environment
Scalability
Troubleshooting tools and systems
Trouble prediction
Standardization of operations - NMS helps
Centralized management vs “sneaker-net”
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-24

25. Network Management Notes OAM&P Operations Administration Maintenance
Chapter 1
Network Management
Notes
OAM&P
Operations
Administration
Maintenance
Provisioning
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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26. NM Functional Flow Chart
Chapter 1
NM Functional Flow Chart
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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27. NM Components Notes 1-27 Chapter 1
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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28. Interoperability Notes
Chapter 1
Interoperability
Notes
Message exchange between NMSs managing different domains
Network Management: Principles and Practice
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29. Status and Future Trends
Chapter 1
Status and Future Trends
Status:
SNMP management
Limited CMIP management
Operations systems
Polled systems
Future trends:
Object-oriented approach
Service and policy management
Business management
Web-based management
Notes
Network Management: Principles and Practice
© Mani Subramanian 2000
1-29