1. Levels of Management

2. Levels of Management Top Level Management
Comprises of organization’s senior executives
Establish goals of the Organization
E.g. Long Range planning, New market and product development, mergers and acquisitions and major policy decisions.
Interact with external environment
Financial institutions
Political figures
Important Suppliers and Customers

3. Levels of Management Middle Level Management
Middle-level managers (Research directors, plant managers, directors of IS, etc..)
Allocate Resources so that the objectives of top management are accomplished
Implement plans
contd..

4. Levels of Management Supervise lower-level managers
For example : A sales-manager organizes resources-
sales people’s time,
Day to day job scheduling
training budgets-to achieve sales results that are consistent with the growth plans of management

5. Levels of Management Lower Level Management:
Supervise day-to-day operations such as
Order entry
Credit checking
Inventory control
Preventive maintenance
Use information such as
Quality control reports
Inventory turnover reports

6. Activities of the Organization
Support for
decisions
Special
Requests
Strategic Planning
Long-range Plans
Information
needs
Demand
Reports
Tactical Planning
Budgets tactical plans
Operational
Day-to-day transactions
Scheduled
Reports
Transactions
Payroll
Inventory
Billing
Scheduling

7. Classification of Information Systems
Characteristics
Operational
Tactical
Strategic
Frequency
Repetitive
Mostly Regular
Often Ad-hoc
Dependability of results
Expected Results
Some Surprises may occur
Results often contain surprises
Time period covered
The past
Comparative
Predictive of the future
Level of detail
Very detailed
Summaries of data
Source of Data
Internal
Internal and External
Mostly External

8. Classification of Information Systems
Characteristics
Operational
Tactical
Strategic
Nature of Data
Highly Structured
Some Unstructured Data
Highly Unstructured
Accuracy
Highly Accurate Data
Some Subjective Data
Highly Subjective Data
Typical User
First-line Supervisors
Middle Managers
Top Management
Level of Decision
Task Oriented
Oriented towards control and resource allocation
Goal Oriented

9. different functional areas
Examples of planning
and control in
different functional areas

10. Location of a new factory Entering the export market
Production
Marketing
Finance
Personnel
Strategic
Planning
Location of a new factory
Entering the export market
Raising capital with issue of new shares
Deciding changes required in the org. Structure
Management Control
Determining product mix for a monthly production program
Media planning for advertising expenditures
Determining maximum levels of credits for customers
Determining who will be promoted to fill a vacant post
Operational Control
Scheduling specific jobs on specific machines during a shift
Planning sales contacts to be made by a salesman in the immediate future
Decide what action to be taken against default in payment by a specific customer
Determine which of the workers will be on each shift
Functions
Levels

11. Dellco Foods Strategic Planning Tactical Operational Competitive
Industry Statistics
Tactical
Sales Analysis by customer
Reorder Analysis of new products
Sales analysis by product line
Production forecast
Operational
Bill of materials Order processing Accounts receivable
Manufacturing On-line order General ledger
specifications inquiry
Product Finished goods
specifications inventory