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Levels of Management
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Levels of Management Top Level Management
Comprises of organization’s senior executives Establish goals of the Organization E.g. Long Range planning, New market and product development, mergers and acquisitions and major policy decisions. Interact with external environment Financial institutions Political figures Important Suppliers and Customers
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Levels of Management Middle Level Management
Middle-level managers (Research directors, plant managers, directors of IS, etc..) Allocate Resources so that the objectives of top management are accomplished Implement plans contd..
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Levels of Management Supervise lower-level managers
For example : A sales-manager organizes resources- sales people’s time, Day to day job scheduling training budgets-to achieve sales results that are consistent with the growth plans of management
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Levels of Management Lower Level Management:
Supervise day-to-day operations such as Order entry Credit checking Inventory control Preventive maintenance Use information such as Quality control reports Inventory turnover reports
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Activities of the Organization
Support for decisions Special Requests Strategic Planning Long-range Plans Information needs Demand Reports Tactical Planning Budgets tactical plans Operational Day-to-day transactions Scheduled Reports Transactions Payroll Inventory Billing Scheduling
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Classification of Information Systems
Characteristics Operational Tactical Strategic Frequency Repetitive Mostly Regular Often Ad-hoc Dependability of results Expected Results Some Surprises may occur Results often contain surprises Time period covered The past Comparative Predictive of the future Level of detail Very detailed Summaries of data Source of Data Internal Internal and External Mostly External
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Classification of Information Systems
Characteristics Operational Tactical Strategic Nature of Data Highly Structured Some Unstructured Data Highly Unstructured Accuracy Highly Accurate Data Some Subjective Data Highly Subjective Data Typical User First-line Supervisors Middle Managers Top Management Level of Decision Task Oriented Oriented towards control and resource allocation Goal Oriented
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different functional areas
Examples of planning and control in different functional areas
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Location of a new factory Entering the export market
Production Marketing Finance Personnel Strategic Planning Location of a new factory Entering the export market Raising capital with issue of new shares Deciding changes required in the org. Structure Management Control Determining product mix for a monthly production program Media planning for advertising expenditures Determining maximum levels of credits for customers Determining who will be promoted to fill a vacant post Operational Control Scheduling specific jobs on specific machines during a shift Planning sales contacts to be made by a salesman in the immediate future Decide what action to be taken against default in payment by a specific customer Determine which of the workers will be on each shift Functions Levels
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Dellco Foods Strategic Planning Tactical Operational Competitive
Industry Statistics Tactical Sales Analysis by customer Reorder Analysis of new products Sales analysis by product line Production forecast Operational Bill of materials Order processing Accounts receivable Manufacturing On-line order General ledger specifications inquiry Product Finished goods specifications inventory
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