1. Negative Punishment - Time Out and Response Cost
Chapter 17
Negative Punishment -
Time Out and Response Cost

2. Time Out 1. Following the problem behavior
2. The child is removed from the reinforcing environment for a brief period of time
3. The problem behavior decreases in the future

3. Types of Time Out
Exclusionary
Nonexclusionary

4. Using Time Out
1. Start with a functional assessment and implement functional/nonaversive treatments first
2. Make sure the ‘time-in’ environment is reinforcing
3. Reinforce desirable behaviors
4. When the problem behavior occurs, take the child to the time-out area immediately
5. Provide no attention when taking the child to time-out
6. Time-out must be brief, practical, and safe
7. Provide no attention or other reinforcers during time-out
8. Prevent escape from time-out
9. Child must be calm before release from time out
10. Time-out must be acceptable to parents or other change agents before using the procedure

5. Response Cost 1. Following the problem behavior
2. A specified amount of a reinforcer is removed or lost
3. The problem behavior decreases in the future

6. Using Response Cost
1. Conduct a functional assessment and first implement functional/nonaversive treatments
2. Reinforce desirable behaviors
3. Identify the reinforcer to be lost
4. Decide if the loss if permanent or temporary
5. Contingent on the problem, implement response cost immediately if possible
6. Symbolize the reinforcer loss if it is not immediate
7. Consider ethical issues regarding the loss of some reinforcers
8. Response cost must be practical and acceptable

7. Comparing Extinction, Time Out and Response Cost
Extinction - The reinforcer for the problem behavior is no longer contingent on the behavior
Time Out - The person is removed from all sources of reinforcement or from the reinforcing environment contingent on the problem behavior
Response Cost - Contingent on the problem behavior a reinforcer is removed, but not the reinforcer for the problem behavior