1. The First Phase of Industrialisation

2. Industrialisation: The beginning
Industrialisation refers to the use of machines, rather than people, to make products. It is the development of manufacturing (building things with the use of machines) on a large scale.
Industrialisation began in England in the late 18th century (1700s).
The most important invention that allowed for industrialisation to occur is the STEAM ENGINE
The steam engine was then used to power machines in textile factories, locomotives and steam ships

3. Industrialisation in the Dominion of Canada
Industrialisation in the Dominion of Canada occurs at the end of the 19th century (after 1850).
The mechanisation of labour (use machines to replace manual labour) had significant impacts on the economy:
Craftspeople are replaced by workers operating machines
Workshops are replaced by factories
1850

4. Consequences: Mechanization of Industries
Increase in the quantity and speed of production:
Products can be created at a faster rate with the use of machines
Increase in quantity usually leads to a drop in consumer prices
Division of Labour: more work for unskilled workers:
In the factories, each person was responsible for completing one task, as part of a larger assembly line.
Unlike craftsmen, these workers were unskilled and did not require any specialized training.

5. Consequences: Development of a transportation Network
Maritime and rail transportation were essential for moving raw materials to factories or for transporting manufactured goods.
The Canadian governments and banks invested in the development and expansion of canals and rail networks.

6. Maritime Transportation: Canals
During the early 1800s, canals were the most efficient means of circulating goods within the Province of Canada and to the U.S.A.
After 1850, the increase in commercial traffic led to the building of new canals (ex: Lachine Canal).
As ships grew increasingly larger, the government needed to widen and deepened the canals to allow them to pass.
Several companies began to set up along
the canals because it provided them with
a commercial advantage.

7. The Rail Network: Advantages
The advantages of the rail networks include:
Rapid access to raw materials
Faster shipping of manufactured goods
Year-round transporation (doesn’t freeze over like water)
Easier colonisation of new territories
Growth of a new industrial sector: manufacturing of railway equipment

8. Railway Networks: Before 1867
In 1852, the Grand Trunk Railway Company was founded and built the Grand Trunk Railway line that linked Toronto to Montreal.
After the Reciprocity Treaty was signed with the U.S.A, several sections were added to the railway network to connect the Province of Canada to major American ports in Boston and Portland.

9. The InterColonial Railway: After 1867
One of the conditions for Nova Scotia to join confederation was the creation of a railway network that would link it to the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario).
On July 1st 1876, this intercolonial network was inaugurated.

10. How does the development of a railway network help grow the economy?
What were the the two main railway lines in Eastern Canada in the early 1880s?

11. Which economic sectors developed with the construction of the Railway?