1. Physiological Defenses With Indiv. Probablitites
Levels
of Organization
Steps to Cancer
Indiv. Probablitites
Physiological Defenses
With Indiv. Probablitites
Under Genetic Control
Organism
Lethal Cancer
Metastases
Clonal Expansion
Promotion
Initiation
Mutation x
Mutation 1
DNA-Damage - 3
IMMUNE RESPONSE
INFLAMMATION
APOPTOSIS
CELL SENESCENCE
DNA REPAIR
DETOXIFICATION
SCAVENGING
Tissues - 2 -
Cells - 1 -
Molecules - DNA -
Atoms -
Radiat.
Toxins
< 2 % > 98 %

2. Physiologoical Defenses
Levels
of Organization
Steps to Cancer
Indiv. Probablitites
Low Doses
Can Up-regulate
Physiologoical Defenses
Organism
Lethal Cancer
Metastases
Clonal Expansion
Promotion
Initiation
Mutation x
Mutation 1
DNA-Damage - 3
IMMUNE RESPONSE
INFLAMMATION
APOPTOSIS
CELL SENESCENCE
DNA REPAIR
DETOXIFICATION
SCAVENGING
Tissues - 2 -
Cells - 1 -
Molecules - DNA -
Atoms -
Radiat.
Radiat.
Toxins

3. Adaptive Protection after Acute Low-LET Irradiation
Cell level ( ); Cancer + ( ); Immune resp. ( )
Bystander damage ( ); Enzyme-inactiv. – TdR-K ( )
100
18 Studies 80 60
Percent Protection €€ € 40 20
100
200
300
400
500
600
- 20
Dos e (mGy)