1. BELLWORK: BLOCK 2 Finish your Weimar Republic rdng/wkst FIRST!
Define totalitarian state.
Describe how the government was set up under the Weimar Republic.
Why did President Hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor in 1933?
List TWO things Hitler did after he was appointed chancellor.
THINKER: Why did democracy fail in Germany?

2. Failure of The German Weimar Republic

3. The rise of wwii governments
Maintain democracy or establish totalitarianism???

4. WWII TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS!
Benito Mussolini (IT)
Adolph Hitler (GR)
Josef Stalin (USSR)
If these totalitarian regimes were so oppressive, why did people support them?

5. Review
Describe the characteristics and beliefs of communism.

6. Totalitarian Governments
Nazism (Germany)
Fascism (Italy)

7. What is the difference between Fascism and Nazism?

8. BELLWORK: 5/4
Read and answer the following questions about Mussolini’s rise to power:
Why did Italians find fascism attractive? List three reasons!
Who was Benito Mussolini? How did he become Prime Minister?
Once in power, what changes did Mussolini make to the government?
How did Mussolini establish control over the people?
THINKER: Why was Mussolini’s Fascist regime less totalitarian than Hitler’s?

9. Why did people support Mussolini?
Brought order to the nation post-WWI
Created feelings of patriotism and nationalism
Promised to take land that Italians “deserved”

10. Mussolini’s March on Rome: 1922

11. Benito Mussolini: Il Duce
Following the March on Rome in October 1922 he became the 27th Prime Minister of Italy.
Destroyed all political opposition through his secret police and outlawed strikes
Within five years he established complete control and transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship

12. Mussolini and Blackshirt Youth
Mussolini used organizations like these to spread propaganda and create a nation of fit, disciplined and “war-loving” citizens

13. WWII TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS!
Benito Mussolini (IT)
Adolph Hitler (GR)
Josef Stalin (USSR)
If these totalitarian regimes were so oppressive, why did people support them?

14. Totalitarian Governments
Nazism (Germany)
Fascism (Italy)

15. Review: Mussolini’s Rise to Power
Be ready to discuss:
Invasion of Ethiopia
How people viewed him
Response of other countries

16. World Hist. Bellwork: May 7th
Mussolini & Hitler were not the only totalitarian dictators during WWII. The Soviet Union’s transition to communism also caused it to become a totalitarian regime. To learn more about this, read pages and answer the following:
Describe the power struggle following Lenin’s death in Why were there divisions between Trotsky & Stalin?
How did Stalin come to power in the Soviet Union?
What was the Five Year Plan? Was it successful? Why or why not?
Describe Stalin’s policy of collectivization. How does this relate to the goals of communism?
THINKER: After Stalin came to power, he enacted the Great Purge to get rid of people he did not like (prison, execution, labor camps, etc.) Make a prediction  what groups/people do you think Stalin targeted in the Purge? Why would he want to get rid of these people? Explain!

17. Lenin’s death in 1924 was mourned by millions in the Soviet Union
Lenin’s death in 1924 was mourned by millions in the Soviet Union! Many saw him as the founder of the Soviet Union and honored him as the “father of communism.”

19. Who would rule next??? Many thought Trotsky (far left) was Lenin’s chosen successor, but Joseph Stalin will eventually come to power in How and why does this happen?

20. Stalin’s Policy of Collectivization
Eliminate private property (farms, houses) and transfer all control to government
It now equally belongs to the “collective” (i.e. – all the people….equally!)
How does this relate to the main goals of communism?
Another important aspect of collectivization was the establishment of communes where citizens would work & live together. Each had equal access to food, resources & tools.

21. Stalin & the Great Purges
Once in power, Stalin enacted the Great Purges.
Persecution, imprisonment, and execution of over 800,000 people!
You are now going to read more about the Great Purges.
Answer the following ten questions in your notes (use complete sentences or write question/answer)
Do NOT write on the packet!
I will check your notes for points tomorrow.

23. BELLWORK: 5/8 How is communism different than fascism?
List two similarities and two differences between fascism and Nazism.
What do all three totalitarian governments have in common?
THINKER: If totalitarian regimes were oppressive and restrictive of individual rights/freedoms, why do you think so many people supported them? Why were these governments more appealing than democracy? Explain!

24. What is the difference between Fascism and Nazism?

25. Acts of Aggression
When each dictator was in power, there were specific acts that showed their aggression toward citizens.
Today, we are going to look specifically at each dictator and what they did to show their violence, hostility and anger.
As we talk about it, fill in the last row of the blue graphic organizer

26. Mussolini’s Acts of Aggression
Recreate the Roman Empire ( )
Wanted to restore Italy’s power, influence, and pride by force!
It was the Italians destiny to recapture the greatness and glory of Ancient Rome!
Expansion into Libya  Allied with Hitler  Invasion of Ethiopia  Supported Fascist uprising in Spain

28. Mussolini’s Goal Territories Mussolini planned to take over
Territories Mussolini actually took over
Territories Mussolini had influence in

30. Did Mussolini achieve this goal?

31. Stalin’s Act of Aggression
The Great Purges ( )
Persecution, imprisonment, and execution of government officials. (~800,000)
Review  Why did Stalin purge members of his own party?
Lack of trials and use of violence, espionage and police force were vital to Stalin maintaining power.

32. Hitler’s Acts of Aggression
Enabling Act (1933)
Nuremburg Laws (1935): laws that classified Jews and restricted their rights & German citizenship.
Breaking the Treaty of Versailles (1936)
Kristallnacht (1938): one night massacre of Jewish homes, buildings, and synagogues.
Formation of ghettos (1938): Areas where minority groups are concentrated

33. Kristallnacht

36. Ghettos

37. The Century, America’s Time: Over the Edge
This video covers the rise of Hitler, his acts of aggression and the causes of WWII.
As we watch, answer all the questions on the worksheet!

38. Stalin Act of Aggression: Great Purges
Persecution, imprisonment, and execution of government officials.
You are now going to to read more specifically about the Great Purges.
Answer the following questions on the worksheet.
Be ready to discuss!

39. The Stalin Purges and “Show Trials”
How did Stalin attempt to improve the economy? What was the result of this?
How did Stalin use his secret police? How did they treat Stalin’s “enemies?”
Who was Sergei Kirov? What happened to him? Why?
Who did Stalin target in his Purges? (groups, people, professions, etc.)
What was Stalin’s reasoning for killing government officials? (Why did he do this?)
How did Stalin “simplify” the judicial system?
How did Stalin get people to confess?
What were the “show trials?” Purpose?
Describe some of the crimes Stalin’s “enemies” were charged with.
List three effects of Stalin’s Great Purges.

44. Why did people support Hitler?
Most people didn’t know Hitler as a harsh, racist, violent dictator who prohibited individual freedoms
So why did so many people support him?
These questions will be answered in a short article.
As you read, answer the following questions in your notes
Be ready to discuss!
Summarize how Hitler was able to maintain strict control over Germany.
What was the Gestapo?
How did the Nazis use fear to stop freedom of speech?
Summarize Hitler’s aims/goals as leader of Germany.
How was Hitler able to come to power?