1. (Almost) All About Verbs

2. The Principal Parts of a Verb
The four principal parts of a verb are as follows:
Infinitive (base form)
Present Participle
Past
Past Participle

3. Examples Infinitive: to work
Present participle: (is) working
Past: worked
Past participle: (have) worked
Helping verbs are used with the present participle and past participle to form some tenses.

4. Regular & Irregular Verbs
A regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the infinitive.
Use/(is) using/used/(have used)
Drown/(is) drowning/drowned/(have)drowned
Irregular verbs form past and past participle in some other way than by adding –d or –ed.
Ring/ring/rang/(have) rung
Burst/burst/burst/(have) burst

5. Practice Complete Exercise 1, page 234
Complete Exercise 2, page 239 (Note: use chart on pages 236 – 238)

6. Active and Passive Verbs

7. Voice Active Voice: the verb expresses action done by its subject.
Sarah ate the cake.(Sarah does the action of eating)
Passive Voice: Action done to the subject.
The cake had been eaten by the time Carlos got there. (The action of eating was done to the cake)
NOTE: Verbs in the passive voice always include a form of to be and the past participle of the main verb.

8. Practice
Exercise 5, page 247

9. Verb Tense

10. The Six Verb Tenses (p 242) Past Perfect Past Present Perfect Present
Future Perfect
Future

11. The Tenses Explained
Past Perfect – happening before a specific time in the past. (I had written.)
Past – happening in the past. (I wrote.)
Present Perfect – happening sometime before now. (I have written.)
Present – now. (I write.)
Future Perfect – happening before a specific time in the future. (I will have written.)
Future – happening in the future. (I will write.)

12. Verb Tense
The main thing to remember about verb tense is that you shouldn’t mix them.
When we were comfortable, we begin to do our homework. (Change begin to began to keep the tense in the past.)
Know how to recognize errors in verb tense and how to fix them.
“Keep the dead dead.”

14. Practice Exercise 4, page 245 Rewrite numbers 1 – 3 in the past tense.
Then rewrite numbers 1 – 3 in the present tense.