1. Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Recovery of Function After Spinal Cord Injury 
Toshiki Tazoe, PhD, Monica A. Perez, PT, PhD 
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 
Volume 96, Issue 4, Pages S145-S155 (April 2015)
DOI: /j.apmr
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Schematic illustration of the effects of high-frequency (A) and low-frequency (B) rTMS on corticospinal descending volleys. Top diagrams represent possible sites and structures of central circuits activated by TMS. Horizontal arrows represent excitatory inputs to the corticospinal cells from excitatory interneurons. At the bottom, the black traces show epidural volleys elicited by TMS before 5Hz (left) and 1Hz (right) rTMS; the red trace shows epidural volleys elicited by TMS after 5Hz rTMS; the green trace shows epidural volleys elicited by TMS after 1Hz rTMS. After 5Hz rTMS, the amplitude of the D-wave is increased, the amplitude of later I-waves is increased. After 1Hz rTMS, the amplitude of the later I-waves is reduced. Abbreviation: I1, first I-wave peak after the D-wave. Reprinted from Di Lazzaro et al35 with permission from Elsevier © 2010.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S145-S155DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Effect of voluntary contraction on short-interval intracortical inhibition (A) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (B) in healthy controls and patients with SCI that never took baclofen. Traces show MEPs in the first dorsal interosseous muscle elicited at rest (top) and during 25% of MVC (bottom). Black trace indicates test MEP; and red trace, Cond. MEP, respectively. CS (black arrows) preceded the TS (gray arrows) by 2 milliseconds for short-interval intracortical inhibition and 100 milliseconds for the long-interval intracortical inhibition. Note that long-interval intracortical inhibition was decreased during voluntary contraction compared with rest in healthy controls, but not in patients with SCI. Short-interval intracortical inhibition was decreased during voluntary contraction in both groups. Abbreviations: Cond, conditioned; CS, conditioning stimulus; MVC, maximum voluntary contraction; MVCADJ, condition in which the TMS intensity was adjusted so that the size of test MEP during 25% MVC was matched to rest; TS, test stimulus. ∗P<.05. Adapted with permission from Barry et al.46
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S145-S155DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
(A) Effect of 5Hz rTMS over the M1 on the soleus H-reflex (H). The H was suppressed when the rTMS intensity was >.92 times the resting MT and the suppression of the H was gradually increased according to the rTMS intensity. (B) Effect of rTMS on the heteronymous Ia facilitation of the soleus H. Black trace indicates control H; gray trace, rTMS+H; blue trace, rTMS+H1; green trace, FN+H; and red trace, rTMS+FN+H1. The rTMS suppressed the soleus H (gray bar). The heteronymous Ia facilitation of the H (green bar) was attenuated by the conditioning rTMS (red bar). Abbreviations: FN+H, H-reflex preceded with femoral nerve stimulation; H, H-reflex; MT, MEP threshold; rTMS+FN+H1, size-adjusted rTMS-conditioned H-reflex with preceded femoral nerve stimulation; rTMS+H, H-reflex conditioned by rTMS; rTMS+H1, size-adjusted rTMS-conditioned H-reflex. ∗P<.05. Adapted with permission from Perez et al.15
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S145-S155DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
CMEPs during index finger abduction (black trace) and precision grip (red trace) in healthy controls and patients with SCI. Rectified traces of CMEPs are illustrated (A, C, E). The dotted vertical lines indicated the approximate time of CMEP onset. Graphs show data from all subjects (black bars) and individual subjects (open circles) (B, D, F). The size of CMEPs decreased during the precision grip compared with the index finger abduction in healthy controls and in SCIBac but remains unchanged in SCINo-Bac. Abbreviations: CMEP, MEP elicited by cervicomedullary stimulation; SCIBac, patients with SCI taking baclofen; SCINo-Bac, patients with SCI that never took baclofen. ∗P<.05. Adapted with permission from Bunday et al.51
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  , S145-S155DOI: ( /j.apmr )
Copyright © 2015 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine Terms and Conditions