1. Chemistry
Objectives 1-9

2. Matter anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
It can be in the form of a solid, liquid or gas (States of Matter)

3. Determine Particle Arrangement of solids, liquids, and gases from the video.
bill nye the Science Guy Phases of Matter *With Accurate Closed Captioning* - YouTube

4. Particle Arrangement
Solid
Liquid
Gas

5. Matter is made of Atoms
When all atoms that make up a substance are the same, then that substance is an element.
Elements are made of only one kind of atom. Because of this, elements are called "pure" substances.
An atom is the smallest piece of an element that still has the properties of that element.

6. All the atoms within this substance are sodium atoms
Element
Sodium Element
All the atoms within this substance are sodium atoms

7. Matter is made up of Elements.
Elements are substances that contain one type of matter and cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.

8. Example
The element aluminum is a lightweight, shiny metal. If we took a piece of aluminum and cut it into small pieces, it would still be aluminum.

10. Activity Refer to the periodic table and locate the elements; Aluminum
Tungsten
Gold
Titanium
Americium
Lead
Record the elements symbol
Record a fundamental use of each element (Text Pg 21)

11. Describing Matter

12. Describing Matter #1. Physical Properties (Text Page 18)
Characteristics of matter that are often observed or measured.
Can be either qualitative (observed) or quantitative (measured).

13. Physical Properties of Matter
Qualitative
Quantitative
State
Solubility
Color
Conductivity
Malleability
Viscosity
Ductility
Density
Texture
Melting point
Magnetism
Boiling point
lustre

14. Physical Properties & Physical Change
Characteristics that don’t change the substance
no new substance formed
Ex: sugar dissolving in water

16. #2. Chemical Properties (Text Page19)
Observed when substances react with each other.
Determines a substances usefulness.

17. Chemical Properties of Matter
Reactivity
Combustibility
Toxicity

19. Chemical Properties & Chemical Change
Characteristics that change the substance
A new substance is formed
Ex: Burning paper

20. Atoms of different elements can combine to make new substances.
If atoms combine that are of two or more different elements, we call that a compound.

21. Example
oxygen
Iron oxide “Rust”
Iron

22. Assignment
Properties of Matter (Physical or Chemical Property)

23. Physical & Chemical Property Computer Lab

24. Physical & Chemical Property Lab

25. Theory vs Law A theory is less well supported than a law.
Most laws are supported by different and robust experimental evidence.

26. Science Laws
Descriptions of events, patterns, or relationships that have been observed over and over again.
Laws do not provide explanations, they simply state what happens

27. Science Theories Explanations of observations supported by evidence.
Theories may change as new facts become available. Laws are constant.

28. Atomic Theory The descriptions of matter and how it behaves.
Has undergone many modifications as new facts became available.

29. Early ideas... 2000 years ago Empedocles:
matter was composed of four “elements”; earth, air, water, and fire.

30. Democritus
eventually a substance will be cut into a piece that can no longer be cut. He called this piece atomos.

31. Development of Atomic Theory
John Dalton ( )
He suggested that the particles that make up matter are like small, hard spheres that are different for different elements.
He defined an atom as the smallest particle of an element.

32. Dalton’s Model... Billiard Ball Model

33. J.J. Thomson ( )
He suggested that all atoms must contain electrons(negative charge).
His model pictured a positively charged ball with the negatively charged electrons embedded in it.

34. Thomson’s Model... Raisin Bun Model

35. Ernst Rutherford ( )
He discovered that atoms have a nucleus.
two kinds of particles in the nucleus;
1. protons (positive charge)
2. neutrons (neutral)

36. Rutherford’s Model... Planetary Model

37. Niels Bohr ( )
He proposed that electrons surround the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
Each electron has a particular amount of energy.

38. Bohr’s Model... Orbital Model

39. Rutherford was able to develop Thomson’s model due to the development of new technologies. (gold foil experiment)
The development of cyclotrons and proton accelerators have further developed the model accepted today.

40. Summary...

41. Inside the Atom

43. Making of Playdough
Recipe ¼ cup of warm water ½ tbsp. of oil 4 drops of food colouring 1 cup of flour ½ cup of salt Review – chemical and physical properties of playdough Review – Atomic theorists ideas for the atomic theory

44. Board Work
Atom Components (subatomic particles)

45. Worksheet Requires booklet and textbook page 50.
Review subatomic particles on the periodic table
Worksheet - Interpreting Atomic Theorists Models

46. Project Introduction Due at the end of Chemistry unit (booklet 3)
Start researching ideas to complete a home experiment. (Video Project)
MythBusters: S13E05 - Do Try This At Home (FULL EPISODE) - YouTube