1. HUMAN IMPACT on the BIOSPHERE Part 1 A Changing Landscape

2. ____________ & _______________cycles
Humans participate in
____________ & _______________cycles
Ecosystems provide us with
a variety of _____________________
Food webs
Biogeochemical
“GOODS & SERVICES”

3. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
For image sources: see last slide
“GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
Solar energy
__________________
___________ production
Nutrient ____________________
Oxygen
storage & recycling

4. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
For image sources: see last slide
“GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
Climate
____________regulation
__________ production
___________for wildlife
Food
Habitats

5. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
Images from:
“GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
detoxification
____________________of human and
industrial waste
___________________ and
______________________
Natural pest
disease control

6. “GOODS & SERVICES” provided by ecosystems
medicines
Source of new ____________________
Air & water __________________
Soil _____________ and ___________
management
purification
erosion runoff

7. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can change local and global environments!
HUNTING
____________________
_____________________
___________________________
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Images from:

8. HUNTING AND GATHERING Throughout human history, people have
in rivers, and _____________ wild seeds, fruits, and nuts.
We are still doing this today in many places.
hunted fished
gathered

9. WHEN IT BECOMES A PROBLEM?
_________________
________________
OVERHUNTING
POACHING

10. OVERHUNTING can put animal populations at risk of ____________
extinction
Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus monkey
Extinct 2000
Alagoas Curassow:
extinct in wild 1980’s
Dodo: extinct 1681
Moa: extinct 1500’s

11. VOCAB Species that has died out = ______________ extinct
Species that has died out = ______________
Species whose population size is
rapidly declining and will become
extinct if the trend continues
= _____________
Species that is at risk of
becoming endangered in
the near future = ____________
extinct
endangered
threatened

12. BIODIVERSITY THREAT Tropical rainforests are disappearing
Tropical rainforests are disappearing
at a rate of about 80 acres per minute.

13. EXAMPLE: WHALES During the 19th and the earlier part of
20th centuries, over-hunting led to a
severe _________of whale
populations, and to _______________
of many whale species.
overkill
endangerment
Minke whale = most hunted species

14. EXAMPLE: North American Buffalo
Wild buffalo
______________ in America once numbered
million, ranging from Virginia to
Alaska and all points in between.
By 1884, the buffalo
was close to extinction
due to ______________.
Pile of bison skulls, 1870’s
overhunting

15. WHAT PROBLEMS CAN THIS CAUSE?
Many endangered animals today are threatened by ____________________
Illegal poaching

16. OVERHUNTING/POACHING
endangered.
All five rhino species are ____________
Just a few decades ago, the world’s
rhino population exceeded 100,000,
but today there are less than 11,000 due to _____________ and _________________.
_______________ are in demand in many countries where they can bring over $60,000/lb.
It is ground into medicine in China and
carved into ceremonial dagger handles in Yemen.
habitat loss
poaching
Rhino horns

17. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?
Support “Green” organizations that work for laws to establish quotas and protect species.

18. HUMAN ACTIVITIES can also change local and global environments!
HUNTING and GATHERING
______________________________
____________________
_________________
___________________________
AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Images from:

19. By end of last ice age (about 11,000 years ago) humans began the practice of farming
= __________________
Soon people around the
world were growing
crops and raising
animals for food
AGRICULTURE
agriculture

20. Changing Agriculture
The spread of agriculture was one of most __________ developments in human history.
It provided__________ in large quantities that could be stored for later.
Allowed people to _________ in one place and enabled the _______________of cities, governments, laws, and writing.
important
food
settle
development

21. __________ REVOLUTION
GREEN
__________ REVOLUTION
New more productive
plant ________
2. Modern farming____________
allowed planting larger areas
3. Chemical ___________ & ___________ boosted crop production and controlled pests
strains
techniques
Fertilizers pesticides

22. MONOCULTURE Large fields are planted with a single variety
year after year
= ________________
MONOCULTURE

23. Changing Agriculture Over the last 50 years, the green revolution
has helped world food production _________.
Even though hunger is still a major problem in parts of the world, agriculture and
the green revolution have provided many people with better nutrition.
double

24. Challenges for Future
Modern agriculture has increased world _________________, but has also created ________________ challenges.
Large scale monoculture leads to problems with ____________ and _______________.
Use of farm chemicals (fertilizers & pesticides)
can damage ____________ insects, ________________ water supplies, and ______________ in the environment
food supplies
ecological
Insect pests
diseases
beneficial
contaminate
accumulate

25. Challenges for Future
Finding enough __________ for irrigation is another problem.
Less than ¼ of US farmland
relies heavily on ___________,
but this area produces a
__________ portion of
our harvest.
water
irrigation
major

26. HOW DO WE HELP? technology
Applying modern______________ to farming is changing some of this environmental impact.
EX:
__________ imaging and
_____ technology
enable farmers to
apply chemicals only
where______________
Satellite
GPS
needed

27. HOW DO WE FIX IT? EX: ________ and other “green” farming methods
can reduce ____________
and protect ___________________
“No-till”
soil erosion
ecosystems

28. Sustainable Agriculture Ways to preserve the environment
Section 6-4
Cover Crops
Legumes, grasses, and other
cover crops recycle soil nutrients,
reduce fertilizer need, and
prevent weed growth.
Controlled Grazing
By managing graze periods and herd
densities, farmers can improve nutrient
cycling, increase the effectiveness of
precipitation, and increase the carrying
capacity of pastures.
Biological Pest Control
The use of predators and parasites
to control destructive insects
minimizes pesticide use as well as
crop damage A B C
Yr. 1
Crop Rotation
Different crops use and
replenish different
nutrients. By rotating
crops, the loss of
important plant nutrients
is decreased.
Contour Plowing
Contour plowing reduces
soil erosion from land runoff.
On hilly areas, plowing is done
across the hill rather than
straight up and down.
corn
oats
alfalfa
Yr. 2
alfalfa (plowed in)
corn
alfalfa
Yr. 3
oats
alfalfa
corn

29. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH and URBAN DEVELOPMENT
The impact of humans on the biosphere was
transformed by the _____________________
during the 1800’s.
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

30. Industrial productivity and scientific
advancements have provided us with
the ______________________ we enjoy today
modern conveniences

31. BUT . . . The spread of urban areas has resulted in the _____________
habitats.
Air, water, & soil
_____________ has had an impact on surrounding ecosystems.
destruction
pollution

32. Energy production requires ______________________ which impacts
and _______________.
burning fossil fuels
air quality
global climate