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FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIZATION
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
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Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 Big Era 3 10,000 years ago 1,000 years ago Today
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Notice any Differences? Quite a few, Huh?
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So, how did we get from… to
HERE HERE? to Jot down some notes on what events you think might have taken place between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.
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One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a
wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) : which reflects the DOMESTICATION of… animals and plants 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 10,000 years ago Big Era 3
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Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.
Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism? It resulted in the new way of living we know as FARMING (AGRICULTURE)… …which included both PASTORALISM (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels), and… 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Big Era 2
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(cultivating domesticated plants),
Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated plants), and… 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Big Era 2
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FARMING COMMUNITIES the development of… 1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Big Era 2
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Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming
Eastern North America China Fertile Crescent Nile valley West Africa Mesoamerica New Guinea Ethiopia Andes Amazonia Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places, possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map. 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 10,000 years ago Big Era 3 Big Era 2
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Prior to farming, population size in any one area was limited
by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts. POPULATION INTENSIFICATION Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for… That means population increases in certain areas. Population in those areas became both larger and denser.
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SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION
At the same time, farmers in some places were, in spite of population growth, able to produce SURPLUS food. What does SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION mean for a society?
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SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION…
…means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task.
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This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may become: Weavers Stone Masons Potters Priests Scribes Traders Army officers
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming Population Intensification Surplus Food Specialization Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 10,000 years ago Big Era 3
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Civilizations have a number of elements in common.
You might want to make a note of these as we go along. Hint, hint!
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Elements of civilization include:
1) Cities Mohenjo Daro It’s the law 2) Central governments And Law codes Hammurabi’s Law Code Pharaohs
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4) Highly organized religions
Elements of Civilization include: 1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 3) Writing and record keeping Can you identify the society represented by each of these two writing samples? 1st written history begins in Sumer called Cuneiform 4) Highly organized religions
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Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities 2) Central Governments and law codes 5) Specialized Jobs 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Full-time monk 6) Social Classes Assyrian slaves In Egypt
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Elements of Civilization include:
1) Cities 2) Central governments and law codes 7) Complex Technologies 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religion Chariot 5) Specialized jobs 6) Social classes Bronze Sword
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So, have you been paying attention
or doing a bit of day dreaming? Can you list some of the elements of a civilization? Let’s check! Clue: There were 7!
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Check your answers below:
Good job if your list includes: Check your answers below: 1. Cities 2. Central governments and law codes 3. Writing and record-keeping 4. Specialized jobs Social classes Complex technologies Highly organized religions Good job, huh?
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By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.
Are we supposed to be taking notes on this? 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 10,000 years ago 3,000 years ago Big Era 3
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There were also two new ones in the Americas.
By the end of Big Era Three, about 1000 BCE, there were several well-established civilizations in Afroeurasia. There were also two new ones in the Americas. At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.
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Now, looking back over Big Era Three, let’s review the major changes.
1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 10,000 years ago Big Era 3
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming Population Intensification Surplus Food Specialization Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION 1,000 years ago Today Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2 10,000 years ago Big Era 3
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Complex belief systems
That translates into: Farmers Herders Cities Central governments Armies Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies Complex belief systems In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.
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Not only has life changed culturally and technologically, but also the rate of change has accelerated. Letters and envelopes Writing Irrigation Wheel Pyramids Copper smelting Temple building Walled cities . Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated Plow farming Alphabet Chariots Pottery 360-degree circle Sailing technology Law Codes Regular trade routes Today Big Eras 4-9 1k years ago Bow & arrow Art 200k yrs ago Language Calendars Big Era 1 BE3 Big Era 2 10k years ago
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Civilization RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS Began around 3500 B.C.
Noticed in 4 regions of the world Mesopotamia Nile River Valley Indus River Chinese River Valleys RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS
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