1. American Government
Chapter 19
Section 2

2. Freedom of Religion Establishment Clause Released Time
Religious activities must take place off campus
Prayer in Schools
Regents’ Prayer
Moment of Silence
Student Religious Groups

3. Lemon v Kurtzman, 1971 Lemon test
Is the event clearly non-secular in nature?
Does the event promote or prohibit a specific religion?
Does the event promote excessive entanglement between Church and State?
If the answer to any is “yes,” it is a violation of the separation of Church and State.

4. Free Exercise Reynolds v. United States, 1879
Religion is not an excuse to circumvent the laws of the state
Vaccinations
Blue Laws
Congress can punish actions that are “violations of social duties or subversive of good order.”

5. W. Virginia v. Barnette, 1943
Compulsory Flag Salute Law deemed Unconstitutional
“To believe that patriotism will not flourish if patriotic ceremonies are voluntary and spontaneous instead of a compulsory routine is to make an unflattering estimate of the appeal of our institutions to free minds.”