1. Carbon Carbon is the basis of all organic compounds
Carbon can make 4 bonds +

2. Building Organic Compounds
The building blocks of organic compounds are monomers which make up polymers.
How are monomers similar to links in a chain?

3. Carbohydrates
Major Organic Compounds

4. Carbohydrates
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
CARBOHYDRATES
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
are made by plants
are the body’s primary source of energy
come in two basic forms: monomers and polymers

5. are made by plants (autotrophs)
Carbohydrates
are made by plants (autotrophs)
CARBOHYDRATES
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
are made by plants
are the body’s primary source of energy
come in two basic forms: monomers and polymers

6. are the body’s primary source of energy
Carbohydrates
are the body’s primary source of energy
CARBOHYDRATES
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
are made by plants
are the body’s primary source of energy
come in two basic forms: monomers and polymers

7. are made of monomers (building blocks) called monosaccharides
Carbohydrates
are made of monomers (building blocks) called monosaccharides
CARBOHYDRATES
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
are made by plants
are the body’s primary source of energy
come in two basic forms: monomers and polymers

8. Carbohydrates
come in three basic forms: monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide
CARBOHYDRATES
are organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1 (carbon:hydrogen:oxygen)
are made by plants
are the body’s primary source of energy
come in two basic forms: monomers and polymers

9. Monosaccharides (simple sugars) are easily identified by their sweet taste.
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
C6H12O6 (draws a glucose molecule)
Other examples of monosaccharides: fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose (milk sugar).
Note the ring shape of the molecule.

10. Glucose is a monosaccharide.
Other monosaccharides: fructose (fruit sugar) galactose (milk sugar). C6
H12 O6
MONOSACCHARIDES
(simple sugars) are easily identified by their sweet taste.
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
C6H12O6 (draws a glucose molecule)
Other examples of monosaccharides: fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose (milk sugar).
Note the ring shape of the molecule.

11. Note the ring shape of the molecule.
CH2OH O OH C
MONOSACCHARIDES
(simple sugars) are easily identified by their sweet taste.
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
C6H12O6 (draws a glucose molecule)
Other examples of monosaccharides: fructose (fruit sugar) and galactose (milk sugar).
Note the ring shape of the molecule.

12. Disaccharides are made of two monosaccharides together.
POLYSACCHARIDES
are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

13. Lactose (found in dairy products), sucrose (table sugar), and maltose are examples of disaccharides.
POLYSACCHARIDES
are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

14. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

15. Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbohydrates. O
CH2OH H OH C
POLYSACCHARIDES
are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

16. Stored as starch in plants.
POLYSACCHARIDES
are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

17. Stored as glycogen in animals(in muscles and liver) .
POLYSACCHARIDES
are complex carbohydrates made of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starches (bread, cereals, and pastas) and cellulose (plant cell walls) are common sources of complex carbs.
(draws a 3-ring polysaccharide molecule)
Sucrose is an example of a sugar with only two monosaccharides.

18. Carbohydrates Elements: C, H, O Monomers: Monosaccharide Structure:
Glucose (C6H12O6)

19. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates have 3 monomers:
-Glucose -Fructose -Galactose
“ose” indicates sugar
What would this tell you about the taste of monosaccharides?

20. Building Carbohydrates

21. Building Carbohydrates

22. Building Carbohydrates

23. Building Carbohydrates

24. Building Carbohydrates

25. Building Carbohydrates

26. Building Carbohydrates

27. Building Carbohydrates

28. Building Carbohydrates

29. Building Carbohydrates
Would this compound taste sweet as well?
The process of bonding 2 monosaccharides together is called dehydration synthesis.
2 or more monosaccharides bonded together is called a disaccharide. C H O C H O H O
H2O

30. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H O

31. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H O

32. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H O

33. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H O

34. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H O

35. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O H

36. Building Carbohydrates
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O

37. Building Carbohydrates
The process of breaking compounds into smaller molecules by adding a water back to the monomer is called hydrolysis.
What happens to a piece of bread once you eat it? C H O C H O

38. Many monosaccharides bonded together form polysaccharides.
Building
Carbohydrates
Many monosaccharides bonded together form polysaccharides.
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
How many water molecules would be removed by making the polysaccharide?
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are known as starches.
Will the taste of starches be the same as simple sugars?

39. Functions of Carbohydrates
1. To provide a quick source of energy (by breaking the C-H bonds)
Energy
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
2. Provide structure and support.

40. Carbohydrates Review What is the monomer (subunit) for carbohydrates?
monosaccharide (simple sugars)
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
energy storage (short-term), structure or support
Name examples of carbohydrates.
CARBOHYDRATES REVIEW
What is the monomer (subunit) for carbohydrates?
monosaccharide (simple sugars)
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
energy storage (short-term), structure or support
Name examples of carbohydrates.
glucose, starch, cellulose
glucose, starch, cellulose