1. Bio Activator: Take out your MCAS frameworks and a highlighter.
Read through all the standards and highlight anything you studied and now feel confident in.

2. A. Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium B. Leucobryum glaucum, a moss
Question # 1
A scientist is studying gene expression in a prokaryote. Which of the following organisms could the scientist be studying? (2.2)
A. Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium
B. Leucobryum glaucum, a moss
C. Lycoperdon pyriforme, a fungus
D. Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm

3. A. Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium B. Leucobryum glaucum, a moss
Question # 1
A scientist is studying gene expression in a prokaryote. Which of the following organisms could the scientist be studying? (2.2)
A. Bacillus subtilis, a bacterium
B. Leucobryum glaucum, a moss
C. Lycoperdon pyriforme, a fungus
D. Caenorhabditis elegans, a roundworm

4. Question # 2
A cell is shown in the diagram below. Which of the following cell characteristics provides evidence that this cell comes from a plant and not from an animal? (2.3) A.
a large vacuole B.
a single nucleus C.
a functional mitochondrion D.
a semipermeable cell membrane

5. A. a large vacuole Question # 2
A cell is shown in the diagram below. Which of the following cell characteristics provides evidence that this cell comes from a plant and not from an animal? (2.3) A.
a large vacuole B.
a single nucleus C.
a functional mitochondrion D.
a semipermeable cell membrane

6. Question # 3 A. moving genetic material
B. converting light to chemical energy
C. providing structural support to the cell
D. synthesizing proteins for cellular functions

7. Question # 3 A. moving genetic material
B. converting light to chemical energy
C. providing structural support to the cell
D. synthesizing proteins for cellular functions

8. Question # 4
(2.8)

9. Question # 4
(2.8)

10. Both types of cells are prokaryotic.
Question # 5
Which of the following statements describes a way in which plant cells and animal cells are similar? (2.3) A.
Both types of cells are prokaryotic. B.
Both types of cells are autotrophic. C.
Both types of cells have cell walls. D.
Both types of cells contain mitochondria.

11. Both types of cells are prokaryotic.
Question # 5
Which of the following statements describes a way in which plant cells and animal cells are similar? (2.3) A.
Both types of cells are prokaryotic. B.
Both types of cells are autotrophic. C.
Both types of cells have cell walls. D.
Both types of cells contain mitochondria.

12. Question # 6
Which of the following organisms has the simplest cellular structure? (2.2)
A. bacterium
B. earthworm
C. mushroom
D. sunflower

13. Question # 6
Which of the following organisms has the simplest cellular structure? (2.2)
A. bacterium
B. earthworm
C. mushroom
D. sunflower

14. A. move the cell through water
Question # 7
A. move the cell through water
B. digest metabolic wastes in the organelle
C. convert solar energy to chemical energy
D. produce ATP during cellular respiration

15. A. move the cell through water
Question # 7
A. move the cell through water
B. digest metabolic wastes in the organelle
C. convert solar energy to chemical energy
D. produce ATP during cellular respiration

16. Question # 8
Yellow fever, encephalitis, and measles are diseases in humans. The disease-causing agents take over the machinery of the cells and use it to reproduce. Based on this information, the agents that cause these diseases are which of the following? (2.8) A.
fungi B.
ticks C.
viruses D.
worms

17. Question # 8
Yellow fever, encephalitis, and measles are diseases in humans. The disease-causing agents take over the machinery of the cells and use it to reproduce. Based on this information, the agents that cause these diseases are which of the following? (2.8) A.
fungi B.
ticks C.
viruses D.
worms

18. Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? (2.2)
Question # 9
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? (2.2)
A. Agaricus arvensis, horse mushroom
B. Rhizopus stolonifer, bread mold fungus
C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast
D. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

19. Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? (2.2)
Question # 9
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? (2.2)
A. Agaricus arvensis, horse mushroom
B. Rhizopus stolonifer, bread mold fungus
C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast
D. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

20. Question # 10 A cell from an organism has the structures listed below.
Nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplasts
The organism is most likely classified as which of the following? (2.2)
A. animal
B. bacterium
C. fungus
D. plant
Question # 10

21. Question # 10 A cell from an organism has the structures listed below.
Nucleus, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplasts
The organism is most likely classified as which of the following? (2.2)
A. animal
B. bacterium
C. fungus
D. plant
Question # 10

22. Which of the following types of organisms have cell walls composed of cellulose? (2.3)
A. amoebas
B. birds
C. grasses
D. worms
Question # 11

23. Which of the following types of organisms have cell walls composed of cellulose? (2.3)
A. amoebas
B. birds
C. grasses
D. worms
Question # 11

24. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Question # 12
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
A. absorbing sunlight
B. releasing usable energy
C. storing genetic material
D. producing food molecules

25. Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Question # 12
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
A. absorbing sunlight
B. releasing usable energy
C. storing genetic material
D. producing food molecules

26. Question # 13

27. Question # 13

28. Its cells lack cell walls. It is motile. It is heterotrophic.
A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania. The organism has the following characteristics:
It is multicellular.
Its cells lack cell walls.
It is motile.
It is heterotrophic.
Based on this information, to which kingdom does the organism belong? (2.3)
Question # 14 A.
Animalia B.
Eubacteria C.
Fungi D.
Plantae

29. A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania
A scientist discovered a new organism in some caves in Pennsylvania. The organism has the following characteristics:
It is multicellular.
Its cells lack cell walls.
It is motile.
It is heterotrophic.
Based on this information, to which kingdom does the organism belong? (2.3)
Question # 14 A.
Animalia B.
Eubacteria C.
Fungi D.
Plantae

30. Question # 15
(2.3)

31. Question # 15
(2.3)

32. The diagram below represents Trichodina
The diagram below represents Trichodina. Trichodina is a eukaryotic organism that attaches itself to fish and eats bacteria. Which of the following distinguishes Trichodina from all prokaryotes? (2.2)
A. Trichodina is unicellular.
B. Trichodina has a nucleus.
C. Trichodina has cytoplasm.
D. Trichodina is heterotrophic.
Question # 16

33. The diagram below represents Trichodina
The diagram below represents Trichodina. Trichodina is a eukaryotic organism that attaches itself to fish and eats bacteria. Which of the following distinguishes Trichodina from all prokaryotes? (2.2)
A. Trichodina is unicellular.
B. Trichodina has a nucleus.
C. Trichodina has cytoplasm.
D. Trichodina is heterotrophic.
Question # 16

34. What are synthesized by the ribosomes? A. carbohydrates B. lipids
Question# 17
What are synthesized by the ribosomes?
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins

35. What are synthesized by the ribosomes? A. carbohydrates B. lipids
Question# 17
What are synthesized by the ribosomes?
A. carbohydrates
B. lipids
C. nucleic acids
D. proteins

36. a prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum
A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Which of the following describes the structure of an adenovirus? (2.8)
Question # 18 A.
a prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum B.
a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat C.
a set of ribosomes that is held together by microtubules D.
a single cell that contains a plasma membrane and a circular chromosome

37. a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat
A variety of respiratory diseases in humans can be caused by adenoviruses. Which of the following describes the structure of an adenovirus? (2.8)
Question # 18 A.
a prokaryotic cell that is propelled by a flagellum B.
a nucleic acid core that is surrounded by a protein coat C.
a set of ribosomes that is held together by microtubules D.
a single cell that contains a plasma membrane and a circular chromosome

38. Question # 19
A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a high-powered microscope. Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear different from the eukaryotic cells? (2.2) A. The prokaryotic cells are much larger. B. The prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. C. The prokaryotic cells have mitochondria. D. The prokaryotic cells have a less distinct shape.

39. Question # 19
A student views cells from several different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms under a high-powered microscope. Which of the following statements describes how the prokaryotic cells appear different from the eukaryotic cells? (2.2) A. The prokaryotic cells are much larger. B. The prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei. C. The prokaryotic cells have mitochondria. D. The prokaryotic cells have a less distinct shape.

40. Question # 20
(2.3)

41. Question # 20
(2.3)

42. Question # 21
Some diseases decrease the activity of certain enzymes in the mitochondria of cells. Which of the following is the most direct result of this decreased enzyme activity?
The cells are not able to divide by mitosis.
The cells are not able to move water by diffusion.
The cells produce less ATP by cellular respiration.
The cells produce fewer sugars by photosynthesis.

43. Question # 21
Some diseases decrease the activity of certain enzymes in the mitochondria of cells. Which of the following is the most direct result of this decreased enzyme activity?
The cells are not able to divide by mitosis.
The cells are not able to move water by diffusion.
The cells produce less ATP by cellular respiration.
The cells produce fewer sugars by photosynthesis.

44. Question # 22 (2.2)
A. The organism is eukaryotic because it has a plasma membrane.
B. The organism is prokaryotic because it can reproduce asexually.
C. The organism is prokaryotic because it can synthesize its own food.
D. The organism is eukaryotic because it has membrane-bound organelles.

45. Question # 22 (2.2)
A. The organism is eukaryotic because it has a plasma membrane.
B. The organism is prokaryotic because it can reproduce asexually.
C. The organism is prokaryotic because it can synthesize its own food.
D. The organism is eukaryotic because it has membrane-bound organelles.

46. Question # 23 (2.2)
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4

47. Question # 23 (2.2)
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4

48. Question # 24
(2.8)

49. Question # 24
(2.8)

50. A. The cell does not contain ribosomes.
Question # 25
The illustration below shows the external features of a prokaryotic organism. Which of the following can be concluded about the internal cellular contents of this prokaryote? (2.2)
A. The cell does not contain ribosomes.
B. The cell does not contain a nucleus.
C. The cell contains mitochondria.
D. The cell contains a vacuole.

51. A. The cell does not contain ribosomes.
Question # 25
The illustration below shows the external features of a prokaryotic organism. Which of the following can be concluded about the internal cellular contents of this prokaryote? (2.2)
A. The cell does not contain ribosomes.
B. The cell does not contain a nucleus.
C. The cell contains mitochondria.
D. The cell contains a vacuole.

52. A student is looking at a picture of a cell taken through a microscope
A student is looking at a picture of a cell taken through a microscope. The presence of which of the following would indicate that the cell is eukaryotic? (2.2)
A. cytoplasm
B. DNA
C. nucleus
D. plasma membrane
Question # 26

53. A student is looking at a picture of a cell taken through a microscope
A student is looking at a picture of a cell taken through a microscope. The presence of which of the following would indicate that the cell is eukaryotic? (2.2)
A. cytoplasm
B. DNA
C. nucleus
D. plasma membrane
Question # 26

54. A. cell membrane B. cytoplasm C. flagellum D. nucleus
The diagram below represents a single-celled organism. Which labeled part identifies this single-celled organism as eukaryotic? (2.2)
Question # 27 A.
cell membrane B.
cytoplasm C.
flagellum D.
nucleus

55. A. cell membrane B. cytoplasm C. flagellum D. nucleus
The diagram below represents a single-celled organism. Which labeled part identifies this single-celled organism as eukaryotic? (2.2)
Question # 27 A.
cell membrane B.
cytoplasm C.
flagellum D.
nucleus

56. Scientists believe that the first organisms that appeared on Earth were prokaryotic. Which of the following best represents what the cell structure of these organisms may have looked like? (2.2)
Question # 28

57. Scientists believe that the first organisms that appeared on Earth were prokaryotic. Which of the following best represents what the cell structure of these organisms may have looked like? (2.2)
Question # 28