1. CHAPTER 4

2. Law of Conservation of Mass
The law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. (Antoine Lavoisier said this!)
2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O
4(1.01g) + 2(16g) --> 4(1.01)+2(16)
36.04 g = g
(the mass is the same on the right side and left side)

3. Balancing Chemical Equations
Atoms are neither created or destroyed, only rearranged in a chemical reaction.
The number of a particular atom is the same on both sides of a chemical equation
Example:
Mg + O2  MgO O Mg +  Mg O
However, this is not balanced!
Left: Mg = 1, O = 2
Right: Mg = 1, O = 1

4. Neutralization (404)
Neutralization is when an acid and a base combine to produce salt and water.
Example:
HCl + NaOH --> NaCl +H2O
(acid) + (base) --> (salt) + (water)

5. p. 121
Combustion (404)
Combustion releases a large amount of energy. Example: burning wood
You need 3 things for combustion:
a fuel (wood or propane)
an oxidizing agent (air, oxygen)
a certain temperature

6. There are 3 types of combustion:
Rapid combustion: it releases a great deal of energy in a short period of time (a log fire, a burning candle)
Spontaneous combustion: It is often unpredictable and could be disastrous. (on a very hot and dry summer day, wood can catch fire spontaneously - forest fires)
Slow combustion: Occurs over a long period of time. (fermentation and cellular respiration)

7. Cellular Respiration (404)
It is a slow combustion
It takes place in our cells.
In humans, it keeps our body temperatures at around 37oC.
Glucose(sugar) and oxygen are used to generate energy. It produces carbon dioxide and water.

8. EQUATION FOR RESPIRATION
CARBON DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE
C6H12O6 +
6O2
6CO2 +
6H2O +
ENERGY
OXYGEN
WATER

9. PHOTOSYNTHESIS (404)
Through photosynthesis, plant cells use solar energy to make glucose (sugar) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

10. EQUATION FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS
WATER
OXYGEN
6CO2 +
6H2O +
ENERGY
C6H12O6 +
6O2
CARBON DIOXIDE
GLUCOSE