1. Religion & Mummification

2. Egyptian Religion Egyptians were polytheistic
Built temples to honor gods
Certain cities became associated with certain gods
Many Egyptians have shrines in their homes

3. Ptah - Creator of the world

4. Anubis - God of the dead

5. Re - God of the sun

6. Osiris - God of the underworld

7. Isis - Goddess of magic

8. Horus - God of sky and pharaohs

9. Thoth - God of wisdom

10. Afterlife Egyptians believed in an afterlife
Afterlife- life after death
When a person died their ka left their body
Ka- a person’s life force
A person’s ka had the same needs as a regular human…

11. Burial Practices Egyptians believed that bodies must be preserved
Ka needs to be able to recognize the body to return to it
Mummification – the process used by Egyptians to preserve a dead body

12. Burial Practices
Only royalty & Egypt’s elite could afford to be mummified
Elite- people of wealth and power
Peasant families buried dead in shallow graves near desert (the hot, dry sand preserved the bodies naturally)

13. Burial Practices Body is stuffed with natron (dried out)
Canopic
Jars
How to make a mummy…
Remove all organs except the heart
Body is stuffed with natron (dried out)
Treated with oils
Wrapped in bandages (with charms)
Placed in stone coffin (sarcophagus)

14. Egyptian Mummies

15. Egyptian Achievements

16. Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphs- Egyptian writing system
Papyrus- a long lasting paper-like material made from reeds

17. Egyptian Writing More than 600 symbols used in hieroglyphic writing
Written from right to left or left to right,
vertically or horizontally

18. Rosetta Stone Found by a French soldier in 1799
Rosetta Stone- a huge, stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphs, Greek,
later form of Egyptian
Allowed us to translate hieroglyphics

19. Egyptian Texts Papyrus did not decay in Egypt’s dry climate
Many ancient writings still exists
(Medical text)

20. Architecture - Great Temples
Ancient Egyptians built great temples
Seen as homes of the gods, heavily decorated
Temple of Karnak (Largest)

21. Architecture - Sphinxes
sphinxes would line the paths to get into the temples
Sphinxes- imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and heads of other animals or humans

22. Architecture -Obelisks
Also in the temples would be obelisks
Obelisk- a tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on top

23. Egyptian Art & Jewelry Colorful, depicts everyday life
Best art in tombs & temples
Important people drawn larger
Skilled jewelry-makers

24. The New Kingdom

25. The New Kingdom Military conquests made Egypt rich
New Kingdom- when Egypt reached its height of power and glory, BC
Military conquests made Egypt rich
Conquered kingdoms sent tribute
Tribute-yearly payments (gold, precious stones, & leopard skins to pharaohs)

26. Pharaohs of New Kingdom
Queen Hatshepsut –(pharaoh from BC) was renowned for trade, dressed as a man
Ramses II (or Ramses the Great) –
great military leader and builder,
over 100 kids?
Cleopatra – Not Egyptian, mother of Roman
Emperor Julius Caesar’s child,
& Marc Antony’s children

27. Who was King Tut? Most well-known pharaoh Born-1341 BC Died-1323 BC
Real name was “Tutankhamun”
Married to his half-sister at age 9
Dies at age 19 – known as the “Boy King”
Mystery as to how he died…

28. Why is Tut Famous? In 1922, an English archaeologist
named Howard Carter found
Tut’s tomb in the “Valley of the Kings”
Tut’s tomb had never been robbed
The tomb was exactly the way it
was left when it was sealed up
over 3,000 years ago – this is why
Tut is famous! Lots of treasure!

29. King Tut- Mummy Head

30. How did Tut Die?
We know Tut had some health problems, like a twisted foot…
Many theories including…
Murder
Chariot Accident
Malaria –disease by mosquito bite
Disease – epilepsy – which led to a fall & infection