1. Optimisation of antimicrobial therapy using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters 
M.R. Jacobs 
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 
Volume 7, Issue 11, Pages (November 2001)
DOI: /j x x
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Time above MIC — correlation of serum pharmacokinetics with MIC (susceptibility) of an organism. Drug A is present at a concentration of 2 mg/L for 50% of the dosing interval, while drug B is present at a concentration of 2 mg/L for 30% of the dosing interval.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, DOI: ( /j x x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
AUC/MIC and peak/MIC ratios — correlation of serum pharmacokinetics with MIC (susceptibility) of an organism. The MIC at which the magnitudes of these ratios that are required for clinical success are achieved becomes the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic breakpoint.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, DOI: ( /j x x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Fluoroquinolone AUC: MIC90 ratios for S. pneumoniae at standard dosing regimens. Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin achieve target ratios for free drugs of 25, while moxifloxacin achieves a ratio of 100. Ciprofloxacin does not achieve the minimum target ratio of 25. Dosing regimens are in mg per dose at dosing frequencies shown. Adapted from Turnidge [29]. CIP, ciprofloxacin; LEV, levofloxacin; MOX, moxifloxacin; GAT, gatifloxacin; bid, twice a day; d, once a day.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, DOI: ( /j x x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Correlation of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters in 134 hospitalised patients with respiratory tract, skin or complicated urinary tract infections treated with 500 mg intravenous levofloxacin daily for 5-14 days. Numbers above each bar are numbers of patients. Adapted from Preston et al. [25].
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, DOI: ( /j x x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Fluoroquinolone peak: MIC90 ratios for S. pneumoniae. Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin achieve target ratios for free drugs of 3, while moxifloxacin achieves a ratio of 9. Ciprofloxacin does not achieve the minimum target ratio of 3. Dosing regimens are in mg per dose at dosing frequencies shown. Adapted from Turnidge [29].
Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2001 7, DOI: ( /j x x)
Copyright © 2001 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions