1. Coadministration of dextromethorphan during pregnancy and throughout lactation prevents morphine-induced hyperprolactinemia in female rats 
Ling-Yi Wu, M.D., Eagle Yi-Kung Huang, Ph.D., Pao-Luh Tao, Ph.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 93, Issue 5, Pages (March 2010)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Effect of morphine on serum prolactin (PRL) concentration during different reproductive stages. Animals received subcutaneous injections of saline or morphine twice per day, and the dose of morphine was progressively increased. Each group contained at least eight rats. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. Two-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the differences between groups as well as time points of the saline group. DM = dextromethorphan; E = early pregnancy; EL = early lactation; L = late pregnancy; LL = late lactation; M = morphine. ∗∗P<.01, ∗∗∗P<.001 versus basal level; #P<.05, ###P<.001 versus control (saline) group.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Effect of dextromethorphan (DM) on serum prolactin (PRL) concentration during different reproductive stages. Animals received subcutaneous injections of saline or dextromethorphan (DM) twice per day, and the dose of DM was progressively increased. Each group contained at least eight rats. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. There was no statistically significant difference between these two groups after two-way analysis of variance. E = early pregnancy; EL = early lactation; L = late pregnancy; LL = late lactation.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Effect of coadministration of dextromethorphan (DM) with morphine (M + DM) on hyperprolactinemia induced by chronic morphine administration. Each group contained at least eight rats. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. Two-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the differences between the M and M + DM groups. ∗∗P<.01, ∗∗∗P<.001, M versus M + DM group. E = early pregnancy; EL = early lactation; L = late pregnancy; LL = late lactation.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Effect of morphine (M), dextromethorphan (DM), or coadministration of dextromethorphan with morphine (M + DM) on the dopamine turnover rate in the hypothalamus after (A) mating or (B) weaning. Each group contained at least eight rats. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the differences between groups. ∗∗∗P<.001; ∗∗P<.01; ∗P<.05 when compared with the control (C) group; #P<.05 when compared with the morphine group.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Effect of morphine (M), dextromethorphan (DM), or coadministration of dextromethorphan with morphine (M + DM) on the dopamine turnover rate in the pituitary after (A) mating or (B) weaning. Each group contained at least eight rats. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. One-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test was used to analyze the statistical significance of the difference between groups. ∗∗∗P<.001; ∗∗P<.01 when compared with the control (C) group.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions