1. Volume 55, Issue 1, Pages 271-277 (January 1999)
Acute cholestasis-induced renal failure: Effects of antioxidants and ligands for the thromboxane A2 receptor 
Steve Holt, Richard Marley, Bimbi Fernando, David Harry, Radhi Anand, David Goodier, Kevin Moore 
Kidney International 
Volume 55, Issue 1, Pages (January 1999)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Urinary F2-isoprostane excretion increased acutely immediately following bile duct ligation in the rat, indicative of lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation occurs early within 2 days. Symbols are: (▪) placebo; () α-lipolic acid (LA); () N-acetylcysteine (NAC); () thromboxane receptor antagonist BAYu3405 (TXRA). Urinary isoprostanes were significantly reduced by LA but not by NAC or TXRA (#P < 0.01, *P < 0.001).
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Creatinine clearance after bile duct ligation in the rat. Creatinine clearance was significantly higher in the groups treated with LA (α-lipoic acid; ), NAC (N-acetylcysteine; ) and TXRA (thromboxane receptor antagonist; ) at day 2 (placebo, ■). However, only NAC and TXRA remained significant 3 days after acute bile duct ligation. (*P < 0.05). There was no reduction in creatinine clearance after sham operation.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Urine sodium is decreased following acute bile duct ligation. This effect is abrogated by NAC (), LA () and TXRA (; placebo is ▪; *P < 0.05, #P > 0.005).
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Hepatic glutathione concentration was increased with respect to normal rat livers in the NAC and LA groups. There was no effect on hepatic glutathione at 3 days of bile duct ligation (BDL) with placebo treatment (*P < 0.05, #P < 0.01).
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 1999 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions