1. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

2. Diabetes Mellitus - low insulin production

3. Hirsutism- High Androgens (male hormones)

4. Gigantism and Dwarfism - Growth Hormone

5. Goitre- Thyroid gland-Thyroxin (iodine)

6. Proptosis- Hyperthyroidism-increased thyroxin

7. Addison’s disease- Adrenal gland (glucocorticoids)

8. Cushing’s Disease- high cortisol hormone

9. Series of glands that produce hormones to help maintain homeostasis.
Hormones: Chemical regulators that affect target cells in other parts of the body.
Insulin
Growth Hormone
Testosterone

10. Some glands produce one hormone, some produce many kinds and even other chemicals.
All hormones are transmitted by blood to target cells which have hormone specific receptor sites

11. HORMONES
To be susceptible to the effects of a hormone, a cell must have a specific receptor .
Two types of hormones:
Steroid hormones: made from cholesterol, complex ring structures, fat soluble
Sex hormones, cortisol
Protein hormones: amino acid chains
Insulin, growth hormone

12. Mechanism of Action Steroid Hormones (LIPID Soluble):
hormones diffuse out of blood stream and into the target cells
Cross target cell membranes to combine with receptor molecules in cytosol
hormone-receptor complex activates a gene, initiating transcription and protein synthesis.

14. Mechanism of Action PROTEIN Hormones (WATER Soluble):
hormones diffuse throughout of blood stream
attach to receptors on the membrane of target cells
the receptor-hormone complex activates a series of reactions within target cells to turn on genes
Target cells begin their specific cellular functions.

16. Hormones and Feedback Mechanisms
One gland responds to a stimulus to produce a hormone (A)
This hormone stimulates a second gland to produce other hormone(s) (B) to generate homeostatic responses.
The second hormone (B) also inhibits the hormone production of the original gland.