1. Chapter 13 The Expansion of American Industry Section 4 “The Great Strikes”

2. National Trades Union formed
National Labor Union is formed
Nobel and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor is created
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
American Federation of Labor is created under the leadership of Samuel Gompers
Haymarket Square Riot
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) or Wobblies is formed

3. Vocabulary Socialism Craft Union Collective Bargaining
Industrial Union
Scab
Anarchist
Haymarket Riots
Homestead Strike
Pullman Strike

4. Socialism
An economic and political philosophy that favor public instead of private control of the means of production.

5. Collective Bargaining
A process in which workers negotiate as a group with employers.

6. Closed Shop
A workplace in which only union members would be hired.

7. Scab
A negative term for a worker called in by an employer to replace striking laborers.

8. Anarchists
Radicals who oppose all government

9. Haymarket Riot
1886 labor related violence in Chicago

10. Homestead Strike
1892 strike in Pennsylvania against Carnegie steel

11. Pullman Strike
1894 railway workers’ strike that spread nationwide

12. Gulf Between Rich and Poor
1) What impact did industrialization have on the gulf between rich and poor?
It increased it. The wealth of the nation was in the hands of a few leaders (9% of Americans held 75% of wealth)
Communism

13. 2) Why did socialism appeal to some Americans in the late 1800s?
Believed that society at large, not just private individuals, should take charge of a nation’s wealth.
Distributed equally

14. The Rise of Labor Unions
3) What were the goals of the early labor unions in the United States?
-Began by providing help for their members in bad times, but soon became the means for expressing workers’ demands to employers
Ex: shorter work day, higher wages, better working conditions

15. 4) How did early labor unions in the United States differ in their organization and in the methods they used to achieve their goals? 
Earlier unions preferred not to strike or to force collective bargaining
Earlier unions both skilled and unskilled
Later unions skilled workers only (AFL)

16. Railroad Workers Organize
5) Why did the railroad strike in 1877 prompt Eugene V. Debs to create an industrial union? 
-Avoid violence during strikes, be more nationally organized and less corruption 

17. Strikes Rock the Nation
What were the causes and outcomes of the major strikes in the late 1800s?
Haymarket Riots:
Homestead Strike:
Pullman Strike:
Video: Homestead Strike
fire/videos/homestead-strike

18. 6) What was the significance of the Haymarket Riots?
Press and public blamed the labor unions. American public came to associate unions in general with violence and radical ideas.

19. 7) How successful were labor unions at the end of the century?
Not successful
Factory owners appealed for court orders against unions.
The federal government regularly approved these appeals, denying unions recognition as legally protected.

20. Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire
Video

21. Prepare your Response Cards

22. Haymarket, Homestead, and Pullman were
A) wealthy industrialists of the late 1800s.
B) leaders of labor unions.
C) notorious industrial strikes.
D) horizontally consolidated companies.

23. C) notorious industrial strikes.

24. Employers fought the power of unions by
A) improving working conditions.
B) paying higher wages.
C) giving union leaders better jobs.
D) firing labor leaders.

25. D) firing labor leaders.

26. Why did some unions prefer a "closed shop"?
A) Closing the doors decreased productivity and pressured owners.
B) Stopping work for a time often boosted employee morale.
C) Nonunion members in a workplace weakened the unions.
D) Open shops made employees pay higher prices for their daily purchases.

27. C) Nonunion members in a workplace weakened the unions.

28. Socialism favors
A) free enterprise and individual liberty.
B) public control of property and income.
C) private ownership of businesses.
D) monopolization of an industry.

29. B) public control of property and income.

30. True/False
In 1848, Marx, along with Friedrich Engels, wrote a famous pamphlet called the Communist Manifesto. In it they denounced the capitalist economic system and predicted that workers would one day overturn it.

31. True

32. True/False
Most Americans opposed socialism.

33. True

34. True/False
The AFL relied on economic pressure, such as strikes and boycotts, against employers. By using these tactics.

35. True

36. True/False
From the 1877 strike on, employers relied on federal and state troops to repress labor unrest.

37. True

38. True/False
To many unionists, the anarchists who took part in the Haymarket Riot would be villains forever. To employers, however, they remained heroes determined to undermine law and order.

39. False

40. True/False
The Pullman strike and its outcome set an important pattern. In the years ahead, factory owners frequently lost efforts for court orders against unions.

41. False