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Interest Groups.

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Presentation on theme: "Interest Groups."— Presentation transcript:

1 Interest Groups

2 Interest groups are people with similar policy goals who enter the political process to achieve them
What’s a policy goal? – something you want to happen that the government can make happen We all have interests; we all have things we want the govt to do because it would benefit us

3 What are some examples of interest groups?

4 Political Parties? Interest groups do not run candidates
Interest groups are more specific Interest groups also have non- political agendas

5 Theories of government and interest groups
Pluralism Elite and class theory Hyperpluralism

6 Pluralism Many groups, so no single one can dominate Pretty much every interest gets something More democratic – these groups link people to the government and compete with each other

7 Elite/Class theory Lots of groups, but most are insignificant A small number of groups hold an enormous amount of power

8 Hyperpluralism Too many groups Govt. tries to please them all Subgovernments compound the problem

9 Also called Iron Triangles Consist of:
Subgovernments Also called Iron Triangles Consist of: Interest Govt agency related to the interest Congressional committee related to the interest They all promote each other

10 Interest Groups that are most effective

11 What makes an interest group effective?
Size – sometimes large groups are at a disadvantage Free-rider problem – Why work hard for something when you’ll get it anyway? (Teachers Union?) Need incentives to join – Solidary, material, purposive Intensity Single issue groups Financial Resources Upper class bias? Yes No

12 How Interest Groups try to shape policy
Lobbying Electioneering Litigation Cultivating a public image

13 Lobbying – trying to influence legislation on behalf of an interest group
Full and part time They try to get things, but they can also help members of Congress too Earmarks Grassroots lobbying

14 Electioneering - involvement in the electoral process
PACs Ratings

15 Litigation Amicus curiae briefs Class action suits

16 Cultivating a public image
Reputation matters Ads

17 Types of Interest Groups

18 Economic Interests Labor (AFL-CIO; other unions) Union shop
Right-to-work laws Why has union membership declined? People wonder if they will actually benefit

19 Business Interests Banks, insurance companies, multi- national corporations Large companies have offices in D.C. Business PACs have increased more than any other Businesses compete with each other too

20

21 Equality Interests Easier said than done NAACP
ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)

22 Consumer and Public Interests
Public Interest = benefits everyone Safer products (toys, cars etc.) Animal groups Groups that protect children and the mentally ill

23 Regulating Interest Groups
Broadened definition of lobbying Lobbyists must submit: Names of their clients Their income and expenditures The issues on which they worked Also.. No gifts from lobbyists No reimbursement of travel costs for lobbyists

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