1. The Cold War 1945-1991 ..\My Videos\The_Cold_War.asf
These notes go behind your Berlin Wall notes
The Cold War \My Videos\The_Cold_War.asf
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3. YALTA (in the USSR)
Date: Feb 1945
Present: Churchill,
Roosevelt and Stalin
Decision was made to divide Germany into zones administered by the allies. Stalin wanted the Germans to pay for damages and Russia would join the war effort against Japan
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4. POTSDAM (Germany)
Date: July 1945
Present: Churchill,
Truman and Stalin
"Potsdam Declaration"
Stated the terms for Japan’s surrender and the Allies' postwar intentions
2. Decided to send an ultimatum: Japan must surrender, or face "prompt and utter destruction".
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5. Improve your knowledge
Divided Berlin
Improve your knowledge
The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.
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6. Divided Germany Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
Divided Germany
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7. Improve your knowledge
The atomic bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of atomic technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock. Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post-war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.
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8. The ‘Truman Doctrine’
Truman had been horrified at the pre-war Allied policy of appeasement and was determined to stand up to any Soviet intimidation. The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”.
Triggered by British inability to hold the line in Greece, it was followed by aid to Greece and Turkey, and also money to help capitalists to stop communists in Italy and France. It signalled the end of “isolationst” policies.
..\My Videos\Life_in_Post_World_War_II_America.asf
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9. The ‘Marshall Plan’
The Marshall Plan offered huge sums to enable the economies of Europe to rebuild after World War II, and, by generating prosperity, to reject the appeal of Communism.
The Soviet Union (USSR) prevented Eastern European countries from receiving American money.
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10. The Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
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11. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
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13. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
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14. Berlin
West Berlin, was an outpost of Western democracy and economic success deep within the communist zone – like a capitalist island within communist East Germany
The Soviet Union did not want West Germany to rejoin (as the US, Britain, and France proposed) as one country
They began the Berlin Blockade was an attempt to starve West Berlin into submitting [giving up] to the communists (June 1948 – May 1949)
The Allied [western powers] airlifted supplies into West Berlin by the Berlin Airlift, showing their determination to use all resources to defend Berlin.
Soviets finally backed down and the blockade ended
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16. US delivered 1,783,572. 7 tons of supplies, while 541,936
US delivered 1,783,572.7 tons of supplies, while 541,936.9 tons were delivered by the British totaling 2.3 Million tons from 277, 569 total flights to Berlin
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17. The Arms Race: A “Missile Gap?”
The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949.
Now there were two nuclear superpowers!
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18. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)
United States
Belgium
Britain
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
1952: Greece & Turkey
1955: West Germany
1983: Spain
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19. North Atlantic Treaty Organization A.K.A NATO
Western powers were afraid of Soviet aggression
1949 Ten western European countries allied with the U.S. and Canada to form defensive military alliance
All pledged to aid the others if attacked
As an answer the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 (Russia, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania)
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20. Premier Nikita Khrushchev De-Stalinization Program
About the capitalist states, it doesn't depend on you whether we (Soviet Union) exist. If you don't like us, don't accept our invitations, and don't invite us to come to see you. Whether you like it our not, history is on our side. We will bury you
De-Stalinization Program
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21. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
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22. Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America in space—they have the technological edge!
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23. Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
U-2 Spy Incident (1960)
Col. Francis Gary Powers’ plane was shot down over Soviet airspace.
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24. The Berlin Wall Goes Up (1961)
Checkpoint Charlie
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26. Berlin Wall
During the night of August 13, 1961, East German soldiers and members of its militia surrounded West Berlin with temporary fortifications that were rapidly replaced by a concrete wall
12 feet high and 103 miles long, of which 8 miles lay between two sides of the city
Where a wall was not possible, buildings were bricked-up
The only openings in the wall were two closely guarded crossing points
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28. President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them!
Ich bin ein Berliner! (1963)
President Kennedy tells Berliners that the West is with them!
What he actually says is he is a jelly pastry (donut)
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30. YOUR TURN The Cold War lasted from 1945 to 1990.
With a partner find a song about or from that time.
The lyrics of the song should deal with some topic from the Cold War.
On a piece of paper write down:
The name of the song
The lyrics that deal with the Cold War.
You will present your song today or during down time next week.
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