1. From genotypes to phenotypes
NSF GK-12 Saturday Workshop 10/24/2009
RS: Molly Burke
CTs: Roy Center and Lee Kelly

2. Mendelian inheritance of an easily-assayed trait
PTC Paper
Mendelian inheritance of an easily-assayed trait

3. Laboratory Goals Phenotypes have a molecular basis
Individual genotypes can be visualized using molecular techniques
DNA Extraction
PCR
Restriction Enzyme Digestion
Gel electrophoresis

4. Relevant CA State Standards
7th Grade Life-Science
2. c. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes.
2. d. Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be identical, and one may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is recessive.
2. e. Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell.
Grades 9-12 Biology
2. e. Students know why approximately half of an individual’s DNA sequence comes from each parent.
3. b. Students know the genetic basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.
5. d.* Students know how basic DNA technology (restriction digestion by endonucleases, gel electrophoresis, ligation, and transformation) is used to construct recombinant DNA molecules.

5. Pre-lab lessons and activities
Sample activities in the handbook
Virtual PCR Lab
Gel electrophoresis demonstration

6. Non-taster allele (t) Taster allele (T) 221 base pairs
HaeIII cuts here
GG CC
CC GG

7. Ladder t T
221
177 44

8. 500
100 50
300
400
200
Ladder TT
(taster) Tt tt
(non)

9. This is a 4-day lab (these correspond to 4 lab stations today)
DNA Extraction
Day 2
PCR
Day 3
Restriction Enzyme Digestion
Day 4
Visualizing genotypes using gel electrophoresis