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Ch 15 Waves
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The Nature of Waves Wave- Any disturbance that transmits energy through matter or empty space. Wave Energy Energy can be carried away from its source by a wave Waves transfer energy – NOT MATTER.
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Energy Transfer Through a Medium
Medium- a substance through which a wave can travel. Can be a solid, liquid, or gas. When a particle vibrates (moves back and forth) it can pass its energy to a particle next to it.
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Some waves need a medium – others don’t
DON’T need a medium Sound waves Mechanical waves Electromagnetic Waves - Visible Light - Microwaves - X rays
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Types of Waves Transverse Waves- Waves in which the particles vibrate in an up-and-down motion. Particles move across, or perpendicular to the direction the wave is going. Crest- The highest point of a transverse wave. Trough- The lowest point of a transverse wave (between 2 crests)
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Transverse Waves
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Types of Waves Longitudinal Waves- The particles of the medium vibrate back and forth along the path the wave moves. Particles more parallel to the direction the wave is moving Compression- A part of a longitudinal wave where the particles are crowded together. Rarefaction-A part where the particles are spread apart. Sound waves are longitudinal waves.
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Longitudinal Wave
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1.2 Properties of Waves Amplitude – Height of a wave.
The larger the amplitude is, the taller the wave is. The larger the amplitude is, the more energy the wave has
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Properties of Waves Wavelength- The distance between any two crests or compressions next to each other in a wave. The shorter the wavelength the more energy the wave has.
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Properties of Waves Frequency- The number of waves produced in a given amount of time. Expressed in Hertz (Hz) 1 Hz = 1/s Higher frequency means higher energy
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Properties of Waves Wave Speed: The speed at which the wave travels
V = λ x f SI Units Wave Speed ( v) m/s Frequency (f) Hz Wavelength (λ) m
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Frequency and Wavelength Relationship
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related. An increase in frequency causes a decrease in wavelength An increase in wavelength causes a decrease in frequency
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Calculations Determine the wave speed of a wave that has a wavelength of 5 m and a frequency of 4 Hz.
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Calculations What is the frequency of a wave if the wave has a speed of 12 m/s and a wavelength of 3 m?
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Calculations A wave has a frequency of 5 Hz and a speed of 18 m/s. What is the wavelength?
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Wave Interactions Transmitted Waves
Refraction- The bending of a wave as the wave passes from one medium to another at an angle Wave speed changes when a wave moves from one medium
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Refraction of Different Colors
Dispersion- Light rays are spread out into separate colors. Each color of light has it’s own wavelength. Diffraction- The bending of waves around a barrier or through an opening that changes its direction
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Wave Interactions Interference- Waves occupy the same space at the same time. Constructive Interference- the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another wave. The new amplitude of the combined wave is larger than the original waves Destructive Interference- The crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another wave. The new amplitude of the combined wave is smaller than the original waves.
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Constructive & Destructive Interference
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