1. Cell Processes Notes

2. A. Movement of Materials in & out of Cells

3. 1) MOLECULE: Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
FOR EXAMPLE: O + O O2
H + H + O H2O
6C + 12H + 6O C6H12O6

4. 2) CONCENTRATION: The degree to which molecules are packed together.
LOW
HIGH

5. 3) DIFFUSION: The movement of molecules from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low.

6. Diffusion of food coloring in water.
Don’t copy this slide just watch.
High concentration
Low concentration
Equal concentration

7. Diffusion of food coloring in water.
High concentration
Equal concentration
Low concentration

8. 4) SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE:
A membrane that permits only certain particles to pass through (FOR EXAMPLE: The cell membrane allows water and oxygen to pass through freely).

9. Equal Concentration inside & outside
Low Concentration
High Concentration
Don’t copy this slide just watch.

10. Equal Concentration inside & outside
Low Concentration
High Concentration

11. 5) OSMOSIS: The diffusion of water in and out of the cell.
Low Concentration
High Concentration
Copy the definition for Osmosis only.
Equal Concentration Inside & Outside

12. 6) In “Osmosis,” water molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration of H2O molecules.
move

13. 7) Adding “Salt” or other particles to water lowers the concentration of H20 molecules.
High Concentration
Low Concentration

14. Don’t copy this slide just watch.
Is the concentration of water molecules higher inside or outside of the cell?

15. Low concentration of H2O
Don’t copy this slide just watch.
Low concentration of H2O
High concentration of H2O
Is the concentration of water molecules higher inside or outside of the cell?

16. Low concentration of H2O
Don’t copy this slide just watch.
Low concentration of H2O
High concentration of H2O
Now we have equal concentration inside and outside the cell

17. 8) ACTIVE TRANSPORT: The process in which a cell
8) ACTIVE TRANSPORT: The process in which a cell (from ATP) to transport particles into or out of the cell.
uses energy

18. EXAMPLE: An Amoeba engulfing another organism.

19. 9) ENDOCYTOSIS: movement of a large particle into the cell using the cell membrane to surround the particle and form a vesicle.

20. 10) EXOCYTOSIS: movement of a large particle out of the cell by first surrounding it with a vesicle and then moving it to the cell membrane where it is expelled.

21. B. How Cells Get Energy

25. C. The Cell Cycle

26. Vocabulary
1) Cell Cycle: The life cycle of a cell which begins when the cell is formed and ends when it divides and forms two new cells.
2) Chromosome: Is a coiled bundle of DNA and protein that is located in the cell nucleus.
3) Centromere: The region that holds chromosomes together when a chromosome is duplicated. Also the region of spindle attachment when individual chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

27. CELL CYCLE STICK FIGURE DRAWINGS

28. INTERPHASE
1st
DNA
DNA is copied so there are twice as many strands of DNA.

29. MITOSIS - (Prophase) spindle
Chromosomes
spindle
Nuclear membrane breaks up, spindle begins to form, and DNA coils up to form Chromosomes.

30. MITOSIS - (Metaphase) Centromere spindle
3rd
Sister Chromosomes
Centromere
Sister Chromosomes
spindle
Spindle attaches to centromere and chromosomes line up in middle of cell.

31. MITOSIS - (Anaphase) Centromere
4th
Centromere
Sister Chromosomes
Sister chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of cell by spindles.

32. MITOSIS - (Telophase)
5th
Chromosomes begin to uncoil back to strands of DNA. Two new nuclear membranes begin to form.

33. CYTOKINESIS
6th
Cytoplasm pinches in and all the organelles are equally divided between the two new daughter cells.