1. Astronomy

2. What is Astronomy?
The science that studies

3. Kepler’s Laws
Purpose:
Explain the motion of the Earth and how that affects the creation of the lithosphere in the past and present

4. Formation of the Universe
The Big Bang Theory
States that the universe started as a small, hot dense mass then began to enlarge rapidly in a hot explosion, and it is still expanding today.

5. Kepler’s Laws
Kepler: – 1630
1st law:
The orbits of the planets are ellipses, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

6. Kepler’s Laws A planet moves fastest when it is
2nd law:
A planet moves fastest when it is
closest to the sun and slowest
when it is furthest from the sun.

7. Kepler’s Laws 3rd law: relationship between the distance
of planets from the Sun, and their
orbital periods.

8. Kepler’s Laws - Pictures
First Law
Second Law
Third Law

9. Electromagnetic Radiation
What does the Sun Emits?
Electromagnetic Radiation
Different waves of light based on wavelengths and frequency
Arranged on the Electromagnetic Spectrum

10. Electromagnetic Spectrum
Radio Waves—lowest energy
Infrared waves
Visible Light (ROY G BIV)
UV Rays
X-rays
Gamma Rays—highest energy

11. Photosynthesis

12. Producing Energy Fusion Atoms combine together Used to produce energy
Producing Energy
Fusion
Atoms combine together
Used to produce energy
Helium & Hydrogen
Fission
Atoms split in two
Used to produce energy
What nuclear power plants do

13. Earth’s Motions Nutation
Oscillatory (movement of the axis back and forth) of a rotating body
Observed during precession
Occurs about 18.6 years

14. Rotation The turning or spinning of a body on its axis
Causes day and night
The whole process takes 24 hours 14

16. Earth’s Motions Precession Tilt on a plane in an elliptical motion
The North Star is not always the starting point of rotation

17. Tides and Gravity

18. Tidal Currents Currents generated by tides
Gravitational pull of the moon
Strongest at high and low tides

19. What are Tides? What causes Tides?
changes in elevation of the ocean surface
What causes Tides?
Gravitational forces of the moon and sun

20. Spring Tides Occur during the new and full moons
All gravitational forces are added together
Extreme high and low tides
High tidal range

21. Neap Tides During the 1st and 3rd quarters of the Moon
Gravitational forces are offset (__)
Tidal range is the smallest value

22. Earth’s Motions Barycenter
The center of mass where two or more celestial bodies orbit each other and balance each other out.
Barycenter website with animation

23. Motion of a body along a path around some point in space.
Revolution
Motion of a body along a path around some point in space.
Earth’s orbit is elliptical
Earth’s distance from the sun varies 23

24. Seasons are caused by the tilting of the earth on its axis (23.5°)
When the Earth is tilted towards the Sun – warmer seasons
When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun – cooler seasons 24