1. Chapter 18 The West
Page 542

2. Section 1: The Wars for the West
Describe what life was like for American Indians living on the Great Plains
Explain the causes and results of the conflict between American Indians and the US settlers in the West
Evaluate the effect that the Dawes Act and the reservation system had on American Indians

3. A. The Great Plains Great Plains home to
- Apache, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Pawnee, and Sioux just a few
Depended on the buffalo and horses
Buffalo- Natives used everything
,000 natives on Great Plains

4. B. Negotiations Treaty of Fort Laramie- Treaty of Fort Atkinson-
Discovery of gold-
Reservations-
BIA
Sand Creek Massacre-

5. C. Fighting on the Plains
Bozeman Trail-
Red Cloud
Sioux Chief
With Crazy Horse, ambushed 82 cavalry troops
Fetterman Massacre- 1866
1868- US closed Bozeman trail and leave forts
Sioux agree to go to Black Hills Reservation
Comanche Wars on Southern Plains
Treaty of Medicine Lodge- most tribes agree to move to reservation
Some resisted
US army defeated them by cutting off their access to food

6. D. The U.S. War with the Sioux
Gold discovered in Black Hills
Armstrong Custer?
Sioux refused to sell more land
Sitting Bull- leader who refused
Battle of the Little Bighorn
June 25, 1876
264 men of the 7th Cavalry wiped out by Sioux
Sioux last major victory
Most were forced onto reservation

7. E. Indians in the Southwest and Far West
The Long Walk
Navajo surrender in New Mexico
Forced to walk 300 miles across the desert
many die on the way
Survivors struggle under harsh conditions at Bosque Redondo
Nez Perce
Were promised they could keep homeland
Killed several settlers and tried to flee to Canada
US army chased Nez Perce across Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana
Captured 40 miles from Canadian border
Chief Joseph surrender and forced to IT in Oklahoma- 1877

8. The End of Armed Resistance
The last holdouts to reservation life where the Chiricahua Apache
Led by Geronimo
US army sent 5,000 soldiers to capture
1886- Geronimo and his 24 followers surrender and sent to prison in Florida

9. F. Ghost Dance
Ghost Dance
Wovoka -
Massacre at Wounded Knee

10. G. Policy of Protest Conditions on Reservations were terrible
Sarah Winnemucca
Helen Hunt Jackson
Dawes General Allotment Act-

11. Section 2: Miners and Railroads
Describe the challenges associated with early mining in the West
Examine the problem associated with building the transcontinental railroad
Evaluate the railroads’ impact on western settlement and development

12. A. Mining Booms Comstock Lode- Pikes Peak Miners life Mining towns
Bonanza- large deposit of ore
Produced 400 million worth of gold and silver
Big corporations take over mining operations
Could afford to get harder to reach gold trapped in quartz rock
Miners life
Dangerous, poorly lit, accidents, high temps, cave ins
Mining towns
Booms towns
Ghost Towns

13. B. Crossing the Continent
Pony Express
Quick mail delivery
2,000 mile route
Put out of business by telegraph
TCR
Connect East with West
Pacific Railway Act
Two companies
Central Pacific- started in Sacramento – hired many Chinese workers
Union Pacific- Started in Omaha – hired many Irish workers
Started Feb, Finished May, 1869
Met at Promontory Point, Utah
Impact
Omaha to San Francisco- four day trip
Brought country together
Railroad booms and busts

14. Section 3: The Cattle Kingdom
Identify the factors that led to the growth of the cattle industry during the 1870’s
Describe the life of a cowboy during the cattle boom days of the 1870’s
Analyze the decline of the Cattle Kingdom

15. A. The Roots of Ranching
Texas Longhorn- mix of Spanish and English cattle
Very good at surviving harsh climate
Resistant to Texas fever
Herd grew in isolated Texas
Cattle Boom- prices soared
Ranchers expanded from Texas to Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Montana
Cattle Kingdom
Open Range

16. Open Range Cowboys Some Ranches were huge
Others focused on Range rights-
Cowboys
Cowboy culture came from Mexican Vaqueros
Saddle, lasso, chaps, cowboy hat
Roundup-
Cattle Drive
Trails- Chisholm Trail, Goodnight-Loving Trail,
Cattle towns- Dodge City, Abilene

17. B. The End of the Open Range
Gustavus Swift- invented refrigerator railroad car
Range Wars
Tensions of use of the Plains
Joseph Glidden- barb wire
Range Wars- many began fencing off land, others cut wire, stole cattle
Large rangers vs. small ranchers
Sheep owners fought with cattle owners
Eventually, demand for beef declined
New eastern breeds replaced longhorns
Railways came to the cattle
winter killed off many herds
Long drive no longer possible or necessary

18. Section 4: Farming the Great Plains
Examine the reasons why settlers moved to the Great Plains
Discuss the various challenges that farming families faced on the plains
Describe daily life on the Plains

19. Cooperative Learn Settling the Plains Homesteaders Farming the Plains
New Ways of Farming
Daily Life and Building Communities