1. 8th Grade Science Content Strand 1 1a relates to all other objectives
Inquiry
8th Grade Science Content Strand 1
1a relates to all other objectives

2. Important Vocab Revise: change with new information
Justify: support with evidence
Inference: conclusion based on data
Qualitative observation: no numbers: bubbles, colors
Quantitative data: numerical
Skepticism: doubt & leads to new investigation
Hypothesis: prediction based on background knowledge
Validity: makes true (look at constant variables, control groups, or only one IV)
Defend: positively support based on evidence
Solution: answer to a problem…perfect ones don’t exist in science

3. 1a.Independent Variable
The part of an experiment that changes because it is controlled by the experimenter and is used to affect the dependent variable
Typically found on the outer parts of a data table
Color
Heat absorption each minute
red
black
blue
green

4. Heat absorption each minute
1a.Dependent Variable
The part of an experiment that changes because it is affected by the independent variable
The amount or type of change is measured
Typically found inner parts of a data table
Color
Heat absorption each minute
red
70C
80C
90C
100C
black
130C
160C
blue
8.50C
9.40C
10.10C
green
110C

5. 1a. Constant
Things that remain the same in an experiment in order to make data more reliable and valid
Ex. Same type of soil, plant, amount of sunlight, & environment

6. 1a. Control Group
The part of an experiment that does not receive the independent variable and is used to compare the effectiveness of the IV
Ex. The last plant did not receive fertilizer when testing which fertilizer works the best

7. 1a. Logical Makes the most sense
Logical justification, logical defense (supports conclusion), logical inference/conclusion, logical evidence
Answer must be supported by the
data from the experiment
information in the paragraph
or a picture associated with the experiment

8. 1a. Validity and Reliability
Validity- whether an experiment is accurate
Experiment follows design of scientific method
Control group
Constant variables
IV & DV
Reliability- whether an experiment is repeatable
Same results every time.
Good use of constants

9. 1.b&c Making Observations & Collecting data for conclusions
Observation- information gathered directly through senses.

10. 1.b& c. Qualitative Data that is not measured or counted. Color
Presence of bubbles
Formation of a solid

11. 1.b&c. Quantitative Information using numbers: Mass (5g) Length (2m)
Temperature (22OC)
32 students in class

17. 1.d. Analysis & Inferences
Analyze the data (look for patterns)
Inference- Make a conclusion based on evidence in the experiment
Evidence must come from the data/investigation
Find a cause & effect relationship between the IV & DV

19. 1.g Revising conclusions
Revise: To change in order to improve or make better
Look for the new information that is given to support why the conclusion should be revised/changed
No new experiment necessary because there is no skepticism

22. 1.h. Skepticism
Causes one to doubt or change your mind about a conclusion which leads to new investigations
Find the answer choice that reflects a new investigation that would validate the original results.
Do not choose “do the same investigation again…something must change related to why there is skepticism.

23. Example ?

24. 1.e. Justify/defend Conclusions
highlight the conclusion you are justifying, defending, supporting, revising, or skeptical of & Look for evidence in the data
Supports – look for positive answer choices
Does not support – look for the negative answer

30. f. Perfectly designed solutions do not exist.
Highlight the solution & decide if it is flawed
Most of the time the solution will be flawed meaning you will choose “NO”
Choose the most logical reason it will be flawed based on info in the question

32. Test taking Tips

33. Read all answer choices before selecting a final answer
Eliminate answer choices
Watch for distracters
Circle/underline key words (vocabulary)
Read the question before & after reading the answer choices
Identify which content/objective the question is related to
Write notes on scratch paper
Flag all questions you have some doubts
Watch out for “absolute” word answers (ex. Always, never, none, all, only) these are usually wrong answers