1. Objects of reference
By Zoya and Mia

2. What is it?
Objects of reference are used with individuals who find it difficult to understand spoken words, signs, symbols or photographs.
An object of reference is any object which is used systematically to represent an item, activity, place, or person
Understanding real objects is the first stage of symbolic development.

3. How does it work?
In their simplest form, objects can be used to give individuals an idea of what is about to happen e.g. give someone a spoon and they know its time for lunch, or a towel, before going swimming.
Visual strategies can be used in many ways to enhance understanding and expression.
A child may not be able to say the word toilet, but if he shows you a picture of a toilet, or gives you a toilet roll holder, you know where he wants to go.
Also, for example if somebody has memory loss, then they can be shown photos or objects from the past to jog their memory. E.g. a medal or painting.

4. Advantages Disadvantages
They are particularly useful for non- verbal individuals, individuals with learning difficulties and/or those with autism.
Some individuals are “visual learners” and respond better to visual input than auditory input.
Carrying items can sometimes be difficult for an individual.
Objects of reference is not a formal language.
The system isn’t transportable.
It can be difficult for people to communicate.

5. Thanks for listening!!