1. The effects of Climate Change on land use for Panamanian Indigenous Tribes Kara Mariano Cayuga Community college January 8, 2010

2. Outline Indigenous tribe locations Land use specifics Temperature anomalies: 2020 & 2050 Precipitation anomalies: 2020 & 2050 Observations What can this lead to? Further study Acknowledgements

3. Comarcas Ngobe Bugle Kuna Yala Embera Three Main Indigenous Tribes

4. Panama Indigenous Land

5. Land Use

6. Major Land Use Purposes Housing Location Materials Occupations Materials for handcrafts Tourism attractions Food Source Fishing Forest Crops

7. Temperature Anomalies dry season 2050s 2020s January Degrees C

8. Temperature Anomalies wet season July 2020s 2050s

9. Temperature Observations

10. Ngobe Bugle 1 degree C increase for 2020 2.2 degree C increase for 2050 Wet Season Dry Season 0.7 to 1 degree C increase for 2020 1.2 degree C increase for 2050

11. Kuna Yala 0.7 degrees C increase for 2020 1.8 degrees C increase for 2050 Dry Season 0.7 to 0.9 degree C increase for 2020 0.7 to 1.1 degree C increase in 2050 Wet Season

12. Embera 0.7 to 0.9 degree C increase for 2020 1.7 to 2.2 degree C increase for 2050 Dry SeasonWet Season 0.7 to 1.2 degree C increase for 2020 1.2 to 1.3 degree C increase for 2050

13. Precipitation Anomalies dry season 2020s 2050s January

14. Precipitation Anomalies wet season July 2020s 2050s

15. Precipitation Observations

16. Ngobe Bugle -4.3 to a -21.6 mm decrease in 2020 -4.3 to a 77.7 mm decrease in 2050 0.9 to a -10.5 change in 2020 0.9 to a -10.5 change in 2050 (majority is a mm decrease) Wet SeasonDry Season

17. Kuna Yala -1.3 to -10.5 mm decrease in 2020 -4.4 to -41.6 mm decrease in 2050 Wet SeasonDry Season 0.9 to -10.5 mm change in 2020 0.9 to -10.5 mm change in 2050 (majority -4.4 to - 10.5 mm)

18. Embera -1 to -10.5 mm decrease in 2020 -4.4 to -21.6 mm decrease in 2050 Wet Season Dry Season 5.4 to 0.8 mm change in 2020 0.8 to 1.9 mm change in 2050

19. Observations It appears that the temperature anomalies for the wet and dry season continue to show an increase in 2020 and 2050 It appears that precipitation anomalies for the wet and dry seasons show a decrease in 2020 and 2050

20. In Theory The increase in temperature and decrease in precipitation in 2020 and 2050 can cause drought, severe heat exhaustion, deforestation, desertification, inability to survive within the land

21. Negative effects Decrease in: Availability of resources Housing supplies Craft supplies Decrease in usable land Agriculture Housing Limiting growth Decrease Profits Limited handcraft supplies Decrease in time Decrease Tourist attractions Complete Change in Natural Lifestyle

22. Societal Catastrophic Example Decrease in Lower Sea Levels would Cause a Which is the tribes main food source This would cause a need to purchase fish or meat to store at the sights. The Para Puru community within Embera powers refrigerators through solar panels. Once, the battery life depletes, they will have to find other ways to power the refrigerator. Without the money to purchase energy, from tourism or crafts, they would have to change their complete livelihoods

23. What can this lead to? Eventually, I theorize that the indigenous tribes will be forced to migrate away from there homeland The climate changes could potentially cause severe chaos and lead to a disastrous destruction of the ancestral indigenous tribes

24. Recommendations for Further Study Create anomaly maps for: land use, deforestation, drought Expand location Expand anomaly years Add the two recent indigenous tribes of Panama

25. Acknowledgements IAGT USAID Eric Anderson Africa Flores John Flores Emil Cherrington Francisco Delagado Joel Perez Eloisa Dutari Lilian Suarez Betsy Hernandez Roxana Segundo Valerie Garrish Mr. G Special Thanks to Amy Work, Nate Krause, Mariana Escamilla, and CATHALAC