1. General Biology I Lab BSC 2010L
Exercise 3 – Cellular Structure
General Biology I Lab BSC 2010L

2. Practice at Home Paper in landscape format
kilo hecto deka (base) deci centi milli micro nano
k h da- (m,l,g) d c- m- µ n-

3. Exam Details 50 questions 25 stations 2 questions per station
1 ½ minutes at each station; NO revisits!
All questions are either one term or a short answer

4. Exam Details Be on time - door stays closed after lecture start time
No Cell – Phones
No Food or Beverages
No paper – Bring several pencils or pens.
Bring simple calculator (optional)
Name AND Student ID# on Paper
Visits per station: Once

5. Exam Details Missed exam = is dropped exam grade
Missed Final = ‘I’ for incomplete
Lab attire
Once you leave the lab – no reentry.

6. Prepare for Exercise 4 Cellular Function
Read Lab Manual Exercise 4

7. What we can see with a microscope
This is a view while looking through the eyepiece.
The pointer is placed as a reference for other viewers to see what you are interested in.
© Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0

8. Previous Exercise Elodea leaf Plant Cell Cell Wall
By Cimice50 (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons

9. Today’s Exercise Cell Wall Nucleus (plural: Nuclei)
By kaibara87 [CC BY 2.0 ( via Wikimedia Commons
Nucleus (plural: Nuclei)
Onion cells - Plant Cell

10. Today’s Exercise Nucleus (plural: Nuclei)
By Mulletsrokk - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
Your own cheek cells: epithelial cells

11. Cells Cells are the basic unit of life Cell Theory
All living things are composed of cells and
Cells come only from other cells

12. Protists, fungi, plants, animals Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic cell
Protists, fungi, plants, animals
Bacteria
By Science Primer (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Vectorized by Mortadelo SVG version of Image:Celltypes.png., Public Domain,

13. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Smaller Larger Unbound Nucleus
Flagella Plasma Membrane Chromosomes Cytoplasm Ribosomes
Membrane bound Nucleus
NO Nucleolus
Have Nucleolus
NO Membrane bound Organelles
Have Membrane bound Organelles
NO Cytoskeleton
Have Cytoskeleton

14. Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Anabaena vs plant cell
© Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0
By Environmental Protection Agency - Public Domain,
Genus: Anabaena
Phylum: Cyanobacteria
Membrane bound nucleus
Membrane bound organelles

15. Eukaryotic Cells
Know the name and functions of organelles found in eukaryotic animal cells
Cell membrane a)
Mitochondria b)
Golgi apparatus c)
Nucleolus d)
Nucleus e)
By Divinemercy (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ( or GFDL ( via Wikimedia Commons
Cytoplasm f)
Endoplasmic reticulum g)
Lysosome h)

16. Eukaryotic Cells
Know the name and function of organelles found in eukaryotic plant cells
Cell wall a)
Cell membrane b)
Mitochondrion c)
Golgi apparatus d)
Nucleolus e)
Nucleus f)
© Kornelia Fillmer, CC BY-SA 3.0
Endoplasmic reticulum g)
Large central vacuole h)
Chloroplast i)

17. Human Epithelial Cells
With toothpick scrape gently inside your cheek
Place scraping on washed and dry slide
Place used toothpick in orange/red ‘biohazard bag’
add one drop of methylene blue
cover with cover slip (careful!)
Take slide to your workstation
When done, drop slide with cover slip in ‘beaker with bleach’

18. Eukaryotic Cells
What are the three differences between animal and plant cells?
Plant Cells only:
Cell wall
Large Central Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Animal Cells only:
Centrioles in Centrosome

19. Change in OLD Lab Manual
Page 31 Last question before the section Lab notes: “Add a drop of iodine to the edge of the coverslip and let it draw under the coverslip. What structure in the cell has been stained by this dye?”
Change the word iodine to methylene blue.

20. pH pH of a solution tells its hydrogen ion concentration - H+
Buffer – system of chemicals that takes up excess H+ ions or hydroxide ions (OH-)
Maintaining pH is VERY important in biological systems
i.e. – human blood pH must be maintained at 7.4
You will test the buffering capacity of 3 solutions (page 43)
Water, buffer, and simulated cytoplasm
Which one do you think will be able to hold its pH the longest as drops of HCl are added?

21. pH Water Buffer Simulated Cytoplasm
By Clker-Free-Vector-Images / images CC 0
By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0,
Water
Simulated Cytoplasm
Buffer

22. Change in NEW Lab Manual
Page 44
We are NOT dipping litmus paper into the solution
We will instead take a dipstick, wet it with the solution, and touch the DIPSTICK to the litmus paper.

23. Activities Station A Station D Station B Station C
Work in groups of THREE
A: “To Do” page 27 (Draw on Page 31)
B: “To Do” page Onion Cells “To Do” page Elodea Cells “To Do” page Human Cheek Cells (Draw all three on page 33)
C: Label the models on page 32
D: “To Do” pH page 43 (1. – 5.)
Station A
Station D
Station B
Station C

24. End of Lab
When done:
Switch lens to lowest power (use nosepiece to turn) !!
Stage down
Take slide off, put in your slide box (in order!)
Clean lens with lens paper only
Follow all instructions of page 23 (“How to store”)
Unplug, wrap cord around base
Place back in cabinet in the correct place
Return mat to your cabinet
Sign out when done with ALL exercises (including lab 1 and 2)