1. 2.2 Macromolecules Key Concepts Vocabulary Macromolecule Monomer
What are macromolecules?
What is the structure and function of macromolecules?
What do Macromolecules do for organisms?
Vocabulary
Macromolecule
Monomer
Polymer
SO WHAT IS A MACROMOLECULE?

2. Carbohydrates Large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Function - energy source and as structural material
Always end in – OSE
Examples?
glucose sucrose maltose lactose
fructose dextrose galactose cellulose

3. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides – simplest carbohydrate
Ex. glucose, fructose
Disaccharides - (double sugars) made of two monosaccharides. Ex. sucrose, lactose
Polysaccharides –many bonded monosaccharides.
Ex. STARCH is used for energy storage in plants
CELLULOSE functions as support in plants.

4. Lipids
Function – long term energy storage, padding, waxes, and insulation
Don’t dissolve in water
Glyceral and Fatty Acids acids are monomers that bond to form different lipids

5. Lipids Saturated fats - solid at room temperature Ex. Butter
Unsaturated fats - liquid at room temperature
Ex. Oil
Phospholipids - function in cell membranes
Steroids - function as hormones

6. Proteins
Function - structural support, transport hormones, movement (muscle), antibodies, and enzymes.
Amino acids - monomers that bond to form proteins.
Peptide bond - special bonds that hold amino acids together.
Polymers of amino acids are called POLYPEPTIDES.

7. WE ARE: PROTEINS! These are all examples of proteins
Actin, myosin, and trypsin - contract muscles causing movement.
Hemoglobin and myoglobin - transport oxygen in the body.
Amylase, lipase, and lactase - break down substances in the body. (Enzymes)
Gamma globulin - functions in the immune system.
Insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone - chemical messengers in the body.
Collagen and keratin - structural materials in the body.

8. Nucleic Acids Function - carry genetic information
Nucleotides – Monomers that bond together to make nucleic acids.
DNA – controls cell activity, carries genetic information
RNA – makes proteins