1. War Between France and England

2. I. Introduction
Four wars erupted between Britain and France starting in the 17th century
Each conflict extended to North America
France - focused on controlling Europe, while Britain was more interested in dominating a worldwide empire
The wars in North America, became known as the intercolonial wars

3. II. Major Losses for France
Two of the four conflicts had major repercussions on North America
1. Treaty of Utrecht – 1713
The 2nd Conflict in Europe resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht
France surrendered part of Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland to Britain
2. Conquest of New France – 1760
The 4rth Conflict: Seven Years War in Europe resulted in the British conquest of New France in 1760

4. Treaty of Utrecht
France loses Acadia, Hudson’s Bay and Newfoundland

5. III. Seven Years’ War 1756-1763 Last of the four conflicts
Clashes started between the French and English in the North America and extended worldwide
In North America this led to the War of the Conquest
(takeover) of New France

6. A) Objects of the Conquest:
IV. The Conquest of New France 1760
(takeover) of New France
A) Objects of the Conquest:
In North America, England and France were competing over:
Control of the fur trade
Territory (Hudson’s Baie/Rupert’s land, Acadia)

7. Rupert’s Land – Contested Territory
French Territory: New France
English Territory: 13 Colonies

8. B) Main events before the Conquest
1. Clashes started in the Ohio Valley
2. Deportation of the Acadians :
In 1755, the British deported Acadians for two reasons:
1.English worried that the Acadians would side with the French in the war
2. To distribute the fertile land to British colonists
Some Acadians escaped deportation and fled to New France
Acadians: French people living in Acadia (now controlled by the British)
Ohio Valley

9. Why did some Acadians choose to flee to New France?

10. C) Main events of the War of the Conquest
– War officially begins
2. Capture of Louisbourg 1758 – key area for fishing is conquered by the British

11. 3. 1759 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham
Pivotal battle in the British takeover of New France
General James Wolfe led British forces to the Plains of Abraham by water & caught the French by surprise
French Army led by General Louis-Joseph Montcalm attacked the British army and lost
The battle lasted 15 minutes and claimed the lives of many including the generals of both armies
City of Quebec capitulated shortly after the battle

12. Battle of the Plains of Abraham

13. Death of British General Wolfe

14. 4. 1760- The Conquest of New France
Montreal surrendered shortly after and the British officially conquered New France
Treaty of Paris
The Seven Years War is officially over and the Treaty of Paris is signed
All of North America was now under British rule, except for St. Pierre & Miquelon

15. D) Causes of the French Defeat
British
Population
Small population – 82,000
Large population – 1.6 million
Navy
Small Navy
Large British Navy
Soldiers
7, 000 soldiers
23, 000 soldiers
Territory
large territory
Small Territory
Budget
5 million pounds
80 million pounds

16. The War of the Conquest & The Seven Years War -Timeline
1754
Clashes in Ohio Valley
1755
Deportation of the Acadians
1756
7 Years War Begins
1758
Capture of Louisbourg
1759
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
1760
Battle of St. Foy – The Conquest
1763
Treaty of Paris - & Years War Ends
1756 – 1763 Seven Years War
1754 – 1760 War of Conquest