1. Israelites

2. Israelites
Originally from present day Israel located in what region of the world. Hint think middle

3. Israelite Kingdom began 1020BCE and lasted until it was conquered by the Assyrians in 722 BCE

4. How do we know so much about ancient Israel?
Torah- Hebrew Bible/Christian’s “Old Testament”
*Historians try to corroborate the information in the Torah using archaeological evidence from where the Israelites lived and the records left by other civilizations at the time.

5. Torah Five Books- Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Origin Story- Adam and Eve
Yaweh=God
Moses and followers escaped from Egypt to find the promised land

6. Quick Read How large was the kingdom of Israel?
The Torah states that Israel was a large kingdom that ruled from Egypt to Mesopotamia and was ruled by the kings named Saul, David, and Solomon. In 1993, archaeologists discovered an inscription which dates about B.C.E. that mentions a “House of David,” which supports the Torah’s claim. In addition, the Torah describes a construction project that Solomon undertook to erect gates in the Israelite towns. Archaeologists have found gates matching the description in three settlements and dated those gates in the 10th-century BCE. These two pieces of evidence suggest that the kingdom of Israel existed and that David and Solomon were rulers of it.
Other evidence though suggests that the kingdom was not nearly are large and powerful as the Hebrew Bible claims. Most of the Israelite settlements found in the Middle East were small communities, not large cities and not spread over as large an area as the books of the Torah suggest.

7. Hebrews were the first Monotheistic People
Word
Polytheism
Monotheism
Prefix and Root
Poly +
theism
Mono
Meaning
“many”
“having to do with god”
“one”
Examples
Animism is a belief system in which people worship many different natural spirits. For example, some Animistic religions might worship a god of the sun, a volcano, or of the forest.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all worship the same singular god who the Jewish people call “Yahweh,” Christians call “God,” and Muslims refer to as “Allah.”

8. Code of Conduct
The Ten Commandments

9. And God spake all these words, saying, (1) I am the LORD thy God[...]
(2) Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven [engraved] image, or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them[…]
(3) Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain[…]
(4) Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy[....] in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates[....]
(5) Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
(6) Thou shalt not kill.
(7) Thou shalt not commit adultery [cheat on one’s husband or wife].
(8) Thou shalt not steal.
(9) Thou shalt not bear false witness [lie] against thy neighbour.
(10) Thou shalt not covet [want] thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's[....]

10. Guided Notes

11. Important People in Judaism
Abraham
Who were they?
Father of Judaism
life story is told in the book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible
God made a covenant with Abraham promising to bless him with descendants “like the sands of the sea” and a nation for him and the Israelites
Source: Adapted from “Abraham.” New World Encyclopedia.
MOUNTAINOUS
Depiction of Abraham circa 1180 by Herrad von Landsberg
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12. Important People in Judaism
Moses
Who were they?
Life story told in the Torah
Freed the Israelite slaves from Egypt
God gave Moses the Ten Commandments
Many Jewish people believe he wrote the Torah
Source: Adapted from “Moses.” New World Encyclopedia.
Moses with the Tablets of the Law. Rembrandt, 1695.
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13. Important Holidays and Celebrations in Judaism
Sabbath
What is it?
Weekly day of rest in Judaism, some forms of Christianity, and other religious traditions
In Judaism, it is observed from before sundown on Friday until after nightfall on Saturday
special prayers are said and work is prohibited
Source: “Sabbath.” New World Encyclopedia.

14. Important Holidays and Celebrations in Judaism
Passover
What is it?
Holiday commemorating the Exodus and the freedom of the Israelites from ancient Egypt led by Moses
Normally celebrated in the early spring
Source: “Passover.” New World Encyclopedia.
Israel's Escape from Egypt, illustration from a Bible card published 1907 by the Providence Lithograph Company
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15. Important Holidays and Celebrations in Judaism
Hanukkah
What is it?
an eight-day Jewish holiday marking the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem after the Macabeean revolt of the second century B.C.E.
observed in Jewish homes by exchanging presents and lighting candles on the menorah on each of the festival's eight nights
Source: “Hanukkah.” New World Encyclopedia.
Menorah seen here with eight candles lit (the ninth candle is the service, Shamash, Hebrew: שמש), used during the Jewish Hanukkah holiday.
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16. Important Symbols in Judaism
The Star of David
What is it?
named after King David of ancient Israel, which consists of two interlocking equilateral triangles
used to adorn the cover of the Torah, and it is found on Jewish synagogues and tombstones
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17. Important Symbols in Judaism
Menorah
What is it?
a sacred candle holder used in Jewish ritual practice, and one of the oldest symbols of the Jewish people
The original seven branched menorah symbolized the burning bush as seen by Moses on Mount Sinai, and thus represented the light of God
a special type of Menorah, known as a Chanukkiyah or Hanukiah with nine branches, became associated with the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah
Source: “Menorah.” New World Encyclopedia.
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