1. URINARY System
CHAPTER 9

2. KEY WORD ROOTS Nephro Reno Pyelo Uria Ureter Urethro cysto Litho
Orchido
Oophoro
Hystero
Metro
Salpingo
Utero
meno

3. Function of the Urinary System
Maintains balance of water, salts & acids.
Removes or adds fluids as needed
Filters blood to remove urea & other waste materials
Converts waste products & excess fluid into urine and excretes them from the body

5. The Kidneys
Two layers- Outer renal cortex, (ren =kidney, al =?) (cortex = outer portion) inner renal medulla
Filters blood to remove waste products and excess urine.
Urine is 95% H2O 5% urea and other waste products

6. NEPHRONS Functional units of the kidneys
Form urine by processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion
Contains a glomerulus ( a cluster of capillaries) surrounded by a
cup shaped membrane known as the Bowman’s capsule
Blood flows in through the renal artery and leaves through the
renal vein

8. Internal structure of the kidneys

9. URINARY BLADDER – muscular, oval, hollow
RENAL PELVIS – collects formed urine from the nephrans before it flows into the ureters
URETERS – inches long carry the urine to the bladder via peristalsis
URINARY BLADDER – muscular, oval, hollow
reservoir for urine. Like the stomach it is lined with rugae which
allow it to expand and contract
URETHRA – allows urine to be excreted through the urethral meatus. Female’s is approx 1.5 in. long and Male’s is approx 8 in. long
PROSTATE GLAND - surround the urethra

10. EXCRETION OF URINE Known as urination, micturition, voiding or to pee.
As the volume of urine increases in the bladder, pressure is felt by the bladder walls, resulting in the urge to excrete the urine
The contraction of the bladder muscles and relaxation of the sphincters allows the urine to flow from the bladder

12. RENAL FAILURE
Also known as kidney failure, occurs when one or both kidneys are unable to function due to loss of nephron function
ANURIA – Absence of urine
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE – Sudden onset, can be fatal. Often caused by loss of blood volume or blood pressure
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE – slow loss of function due to kidney disease, diabetes or hypertension
END STAGE RENAL DISEASE – the late stage of Chronic Renal Failure. Irreversible, leads to dialysis, transplant or death

13. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
HIGH LEVELS OF PROTEIN ARE LOST IN THE URINE, CAUSING LOW LEVELS OF PROTEIN IN THE BODY AND BLOOD
EDEMA- ?
HYPERPROTEINURIA- ?
HYPOPROTEINEMIA- ?

14. HYDRONEPHROSIS- swelling of 1 or both kidneys
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS-inflammation of glomeruli causing RBC
and urine to leak into the urine
NEPHROPTOSIS –(floating kidney) dropping of a kidney into the pelvic area
Renal colic- acute pain caused by blockage during passing of a kidney stone

15. KIDNEY STONES NEPHROLITHIASIS-the presence of stones in the kidneys
NAMED FOR LOCATION NOT SOURCE
URETEROLITH
CYSTOLITH
URETHOLITH

16. DISORDERS OF THE URINARY BLADDER
CYSTALGIA-pn in the bladder
INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS-chronic inflammation in the walls of the bladder
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS-confusion

17. Prostate gland
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate)-enlargement of the prostate
Prostate Cancer- most common cancers among men; can grow slowly with no symptoms or aggressively

18. URINATION DIURESIS-increased output DYSURIA-painful urination
ENURESIS-involuntary discharge
NOCTURIA-excessive urination at night
OLIGURIA-scanty urination
POLYURIA-excessive urination
URINARY HESITANCY-difficulty starting
URINARY RETENTION-inability to completely empty bladder

19. URINARY INCONTINENCE The inability to control the flow of urine
STRESS INCONTINENCE-inability to control voiding under physical stress; running, lifting, sneezing, laughing, caughing

20. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
URINALYSIS-lab test of the urine
CATHETERIZATION-insertion of a tube to procure a sterile urine sample; to empty bladder when needed
CYSTOSCOPY-visual examination of he bladder

21. DIALYSIS Dia= complete + lysis=seperation
PROCEDURE TO REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS WHEN THE KIDNEYS NO LONGER FUNCTION
HEMODIALYSIS- waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS-using the peritoneal cavity to filter out waste products: can be done at home but less efective

22. OTHER PROCEDURES NEPHROLYSIS NEPHROPEXY PYELOPLASTY PYELOTOMY
CYSTECTOMY
CYSTOPEXY
CYSTO-RRHAPHY

23. CATHETERIZATION
URETHRAL
INDWELLING (FOLEY)
SUPRAPUBIC

25. Pop Question 1 Which is NOT an organ of the urinary system? Kidney
Vas deferens
Bladder
Urethra

26. Answer 1 Which is NOT an organ of the urinary system? Kidney
Vas deferens
Bladder
Urethra

27. Pop Question 2
Urine drains from the kidney to the bladder via the ______________.
Ureters
Collecting tubule
Urethra
Meatus

28. Answer 2
Urine drains from the kidney to the bladder via the ______________.
Ureters
Collecting tubule
Urethra
Meatus

29. Pop Question 3 Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Eliminate carbon dioxide
Maintain proper pH
Eliminate waste products
Regulate electrolyte levels

30. Answer 3 Which is NOT a function of the kidneys?
Eliminate carbon dioxide
Maintain proper pH
Eliminate waste products
Regulate electrolyte levels

31. Pop Question 4 Which substance should NOT be found in urine? Blood
Glucose
Albumin
None of the above

32. Pop Question 4 Which term means a kidney stone? Nephrosis Nephrolith
Nephropathy
Nephromegaly

33. Answer 5 Which term means a kidney stone? Nephrosis Nephrolith
Nephropathy
Nephromegaly

34. Pop Question 5 Which term means the surgical repair of the bladder?
Cystoplasty
Cystorrhaphy
Cystopexy
Cystectomy

35. Answer 6 Which term means the surgical repair of the bladder?
Cystoplasty
Cystorrhaphy
Cystopexy
Cystectomy

36. Pop Question 6
Which term means “an instrument to visually examine the urethra”?
Ureteroscope
Urethrostenosis
Ureterometer
Urethroscope

37. Pop Question 7
Which term describes the pain associated with a kidney stone?
Renal colic
Urinary retention
Enuresis
Nephrotic syndrome

38. Answer 7 Which term describes the pain associated with a kidney stone?
Renal colic
Urinary retention
Enuresis
Nephrotic syndrome

39. Pop Question 8 Which is NOT another term for urination? Uremia
Micturition
Voiding
All of the above

40. Answer 8 Which is NOT another term for urination? Uremia Micturition
Voiding
All of the above

41. Pop Question 9
Which of the following tests is used to identify a bacterial infection?
Blood urea nitrogen
Urine culture and sensitivity
Cystography
Kidneys, ureters, bladder

42. Answer 9
Which of the following tests is used to identify a bacterial infection?
Blood urea nitrogen
Urine culture and sensitivity
Cystography
Kidneys, ureters, bladder

43. Pop Question 10 Which treatment uses an artificial kidney machine?
Peritoneal dialysis
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Hemodialysis
Antispasmodic

44. Answer 10 Which treatment uses an artificial kidney machine?
Peritoneal dialysis
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
Hemodialysis
Antispasmodic

45. Pop Question 11
The process of inserting a flexible tube into the urinary bladder is called _________.
Catheterization
Meatotomy
Urinalysis
Clean catch specimen

46. Answer 11
The process of inserting a flexible tube into the urinary bladder is called _________.
Catheterization
Meatotomy
Urinalysis
Clean catch specimen

47. Pop Question 12
A medication that increases the volume of urine produced is a(n) ___________.
Enuretic
Lithotic
Diuretic
Nephrotic

48. Answer 12
A medication that increases the volume of urine produced is a(n) ___________.
Enuretic
Lithotic
Diuretic
Nephrotic