1. Factors that Shape Ecosystems
Symbiosis, Succession, and Invasive Species

2. Factors that Shape Ecosystems
Ecosystems are shaped by a combination of biological and physical factors

3. Abiotic Factors
non-living parts of an ecosystem

4. Biotic Factors
living parts in an ecosystem

5. Factors that Shape Ecosystems
Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.

6. Habitat
the area in which an organism lives

7. Niche
role or occupation that an organism plays in its community (habitat)

8. Community Interactions
contact between organisms that help shape ecosystems

9. Community Interactions
Competition
Predation
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

10. Competition
occurs when members of two or more species populations rely on the same resource for survival

11. Competition Exclusion Principle
no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
there are winners and losers

12. Predation
a relationship (usually) between two species in which one is killed (for food) and the other benefits

13. Symbiosis
specific relationships that occur between two different species

14. Symbiosis
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

15. Symbiosis: Mutualism
a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which both benefit

16. Symbiosis: Parasitism
a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which one benefits and other is harmed

17. Symbiosis: Commensalism
a specific relationship between two organisms/species in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed

18. Symbiosis: Commensalism
rare
most relationships are at least slightly mutualistic or parasitic

19. Succession
the process by which an ecosystem slowly returns to its original state after some disturbance
species replace species as succession progresses
lead by a pioneer species

20. Succession

21. Succession

22. Pioneer Species
a species that establishes an ecosystem after it has been severely changed/altered
this organism 'paves' the way for other species to return to the ecosystem

23. Succession

24. Pioneer Species
a species that establishes an ecosystem after it has been severely changed/altered
this organism 'paves' the way for other species to return to the ecosystem
typically plants return to an ecosystem before animals

25. Succession

26. Pioneer Species
a species that establishes an ecosystem after it has been severely changed/altered
this organism 'paves' the way for other species to return to the ecosystem
typically plants return to an ecosystem before animals
usually small organisms (grasses, insects, etc.)

27. Invasive Species
an introduced species that negatively affects the ecosystems they invade financially and/or ecologically
also called "non-indigenous" or "non-native"
cost people money and/or threaten native species
can be plants or animals

28. Invasive Species