1. Single Tree Selection

2. Regeneration Methods Not silvicultural system
Purpose is to regenerate the stand

3. Gradient
Few Trees Removed
Many Trees Removed

4. Gradient Large Effect on Forest Floor Environment
Small Effect on Forest Floor Environment

5. Gradient
Group Selection
Clearcut
Single Tree Selection
Shelterwood

6. What are the stand dynamics?
What is age structure?
What is species composition?
What is disturbance regime?

8. Assumption
Stand consists of “groups” in the area of one large tree. After a large tree is removed a group regenerates and then self-thins down to one tree.

9. Age structure Single cohort Multi cohort All-aged
How did big trees get big?
Multi cohort
What is spatial arrangement?
All-aged
How did it get there?

10. Species composition
Size of shade intolerant
Density of shade tolerant

11. Disturbance regime
Fire
Wind

12. Regeneration Mechanism
Seed
Sprouting
Advance regeneration

13. Natural Microsite
Windthrow mound
Windthrow pit
Bole area

14. Can be high-grading Is the harvest really for regeneration?
“high retention harvest”
There are situations where it might not be bad.

15. Diameter Distribution
Number of trees
Diameter

16. Very shade tolerant
Number of trees
Diameter

17. Manage the whole distribution
Number of trees
Diameter

22. Equipment constraints
Size
Soil compaction
Damage to residual stand and/or regeneration
Type of log removed

23. Logging costs Variable costs may be low
Fixed costs high (volume removed low)

24. Slash disposal
Fire
Insects

25. Can maintain disease
Dwarf mistletoe