1. The Civil War
VS.
Unit 8.1

2. Country Divides
In February 1861 the seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed the Confederacy or Confederate States of America (CSA)
they wrote their own Constitution like that of the US but protected and recognized slavery in the new territories
each state was sovereign and independent which hampered their unification
Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederate States of America

3. Country Divides
Four slave states Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri decide to stay in the Union

4. Country Divides
These states are called the “border states”

5. Advantages of North v. South
North South
Population Leadership
Factories Home Turf
Weapons Wealth

6. New Orleans: April 24-29, 1862
In the middle of the night of April 24, Admiral David Farragut led a fleet of 24 gunboats, 19 mortar boats, and 15,000 soldiers in a daring run up the Mississippi toward New Orleans.

7. Battle of New Orleans
Only 3,000 militia, two uncompleted ironclads, and a few steamboats were available to defend New Orleans.
The Union ships plowed right through, sinking eight ships.
At New Orleans, Confederate General
Mansfield Lovell surveyed his tiny force
and realized that resistance was futile.

8. New Orleans: April 24-29, 1862 The Confederacy lost a major city,
and the Mississippi soon became a
Union highway for
400 miles to
Vicksburg, Mississippi.

9. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln did not like slavery but his main concern was keeping the Union and he did not feel he could legally end slavery
He had ordered the Union army to seize Confederate supplies.
Since the South considered slaves property he could seize them too, which meant he could emancipate slaves.

10. Emancipation Proclamation
Slavery had become a weapon of war
January 1, 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation was issued
It did not immediately free any slaves
it only applied to slaves behind Confederate lines
did not apply to territories occupied by Union troops or to slaves in states that had not seceded

11. Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation Transcript

12. Reaction to proclamation:
had much symbolic importance
free blacks liked the portion of the proclamation that allowed them to enlist
Democrats in the North thought it would antagonize the South
not all Union soldiers liked it but followed it if they thought it would end the war/unify the nation
Confederates were outraged and knew they could only preserve slavery if they won the war and encouraged a fight to the death attitude

13. Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

14. Gettysburg First day of Gettysburg The South went on the
offensive, driving north into
Pennsylvania
First day of Gettysburg
This battle began as Confederate soldiers headed to Gettysburg because they were barefoot and heard they could find footwear there
On the way the south meets some Union soldiers and engages them, both sides send in reinforcements
Lee knew he would not win unless he forced the Union off the high ground of Cemetery Ridge

15. Day 2
Confederate forces attacked Little Round Top (area that overlooked the southern portion of the battlefield)
but Union LCol Chamberlain saved it with a charge into enemy lines

16. Day 3
Both armies fired on each other for two hours
When the artillery went silent Confederate Lee ordered his troops to press forward through the middle (Pickett’s Charge)
As the Confederates move forward the North opens up with artillery fire.

17. Gettysburg
Pickett’s charge across, open farmland, to try and take the high ground was unsuccessful.
Confederate Lee suffered 28,000 casualties and retreated back to Virginia
Union loses 23,000

18. Gettysburg Result Considered the turning point in the war
Southern forces are hurt to the point they were not be able to invade the North again during the war.
Battle of Gettysburg

19. Vicksburg: May 8 – July 4, 1863

20. Vicksburg
Vicksburg was a Confederate holdout on the Mississippi River keeping the Union from controlling the river
In the Spring of 1863, Grant puts Vicksburg under siege

21. Vicksburg The Confederate army surrendered on July 4
This defeat cut the Confederacy into two parts
completing this part of the Anaconda Plan
Battle of Vicksburg

22. Gettysburg Address November 1863
famous two-minute speech given by Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg
given after a two-hour speech by famous orator Edward Everett

23. Gettysburg Address November 1863
Text of Speech
Gettysburg Address

24. Changing the course of the war
Lincoln appoints Grant as the Commander of all Union forces
U.S. Grant
Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman to be in charge of the military in Mississippi; he and Sherman both agreed there needed to be a total war
W.T. Sherman

25. Total War
Fighting not just the armies but bringing the war to the people

26. Sherman’s March Sherman occupied and burned Atlanta, Georgia.
He then headed South toward Savannah, Georgia destroying everything…

27. Sherman's March

28. End of the War Appomattox Court House
Lee and Grant met on April 9, 1865 in a Virginia village called Appomattox Court House
Lee (Confederate commander) surrenders to Grant (Union commander)
Surrender

29. Lincoln’s Assassination-April 14, 1865
Lincoln was shot at
close range by John
Wilkes Booth
(a Confederate
sympathizer) at
Ford’s Theatre in
Washington, DC
and died a few
hours later

30. Bennett Place, Durham, NC
On April 26, 1865 in Durham, NC, Confederate Joseph E. Johnston surrenders to Union W. T. Sherman. This was the largest surrender of Confederate soldiers (89,270)
 It was not until
August 20, 1866,
that President Johnson
formally declared an
end to the war.