1. Granular Media Calcinosis in the Aortic Walls of Patients With Bicuspid and Tricuspid Aortic Valves 
Josephina Haunschild, MD, Isabel N. Schellinger, MD, Sandy von Salisch, SD, Farhad Bakhtiary, MD, PhD, Martin Misfeld, MD, PhD, Friedrich Wilhelm Mohr, MD, PhD, Uwe Raaz, MD, Christian D. Etz, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 103, Issue 4, Pages (April 2017)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Light microscopic images of ascending aorta in patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), showing granular media calcinosis (GMC) (Von Kossa stain). (A) Overview of convexity of aortic walls from patients with TAVs and patients with BAVs (magnification ×50; bar = 100 μm; asterisk = adventitial tissue). (B and C) Higher magnification (×100) of (B) convexity and (C) concavity of aortic walls (bar = 50 μm; asterisk = adventitial side).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Quantification of granular media calcinosis (GMC) in convexity and concavity of aortic walls of patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Calcification in at least 3 images for each section was quantified using the intensity threshold method. Data are shown as relative values referring to aortic medial area (TAV, n = 33; BAV, n = 54; *p < 0.05).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
(A) Examples of aortic calcification from (A) patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) (magnification, ×20). (B) Bars show quantification of aortic calcification (bar = 50 μm; n = 10; *p < 0.05).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
(A and B) Representative images of tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) aortas stained for elastin with Verhoeff’s Van Gieson stain. (A, magnification, ×20, bar = 20 μm; B, magnification ×40; bar = 40 μm.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Quantification of granular media calcinosis (GMC) of ascending aortic walls of patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) regarding diameter. Calcification was quantified using the intensity threshold method. Minimum of 3 images were analyzed for each section. Data are shown as relative values referring to aortic medial area (TAV, n = 33; BAV, n = 54; *p < 0.05).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Aortic media thickness in patients with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) or bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) with different diameters. Medial thickness of all samples was measured using AxioVision, version 4.8.2, software (TAV, n = 33; BAV, n = 54; *p < 0.05).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions