1. First Triumvirate

2. Gnaeus Pompey “Pompey Magnus” Pompey the Great
Mopped up Spartacus slave revolt, stole credit from Crassus
Brilliant military commander- eastern provinces, land in east for veterans, Spain

3. Gnaeus Pompey Conflict with the Senate and optimates
Extremely wealthy and powerful politically

4. Marcus Licinius Crassus
Military commander
Eager to prove brilliance as commander
Put down slave revolt led by Spartacus
Offended by Pompey’s claim of defeating Spartacus

5. Marcus Licinius Crassus
Refused to disband his army
Most powerful and wealthy patrician- land speculation
Conflict with Senate and optimates

6. Gaius Julius Caesar Career military commander but unproven
Powerful family but had fallen on hard times
Elected consul, proconsul in Gaul
Weakest member of the First Triumvirate

7. First Triumvirate Each wanted to control the Republic individually
Mutual support of the three necessary
Oppose all laws any one of them might disapprove
Reconcile Pompey and Crassus
Alliance sealed: marriage of Julia to Pompey

8. First Triumvirate Caesar named consul 59 BCE
60 BCE Caesar proconsul in Gaul
Pompey control of Rome’s grain supply- Senate
Crassus killed by Parthians, head used as prop
Julia died in childbirth, Pompey remarried to family opposed to Caesar

9. First Triumvirate Caesar recalled from Gaul by Senate/Pompey
Crossed Rubicon, invaded Rome with army (Sulla)
Pompey abandoned Rome to Greece, Battle of Pharsalus, murdered in Egypt

10. First Triumvirate Julius Caesar became dictator for life
Assassinated by conspiracy led by Marcus Junius Brutus that believed that he was destroying the Republic by locating extreme power in one individual