1. Cultural pessimism and anti-Semitism in Imperial Germany

2. Immanuel Kant Arthur Schopenhauer

4. Oswald Spengler

5. “Anti-Semitism is a reflection of political, social and economic tension in Germany (…) linked to the process we normally call modernization - a change of society, its values and roots at a fast pace, from rural to urban and industrialized society.”

6. Jewish population in 1871: 500,000 or 1,25% of the population

7. Jewish population in 1871: 500,000 or 1,25% of the population
Full emancipation in 1869

8. Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy

20. Arthur de Gobineau

21. Charles Darwin

23. Houston Stuart Chamberlain