1. Bones, Bones, and more Bones!
Skeletal System
Bones, Bones, and more Bones!

2. Skeletal System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QKAg2oIEu9w

3. Objectives I will be able to:
describe the functions of the skeletal system.
describe the structures of the two subdivisions of the skeletal system.
develop and use a model to illustrate the division of axial and appendicular skeletons.

4. The Skeletal System Components of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton)
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

5. Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles: “passive”
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation

6. Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton
The Skeletal System
Two subdivisions
Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

7. The Skeletal System
axial skeleton: the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
appendicular skeleton: bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

8. Axial Skeleton The Skull: Formed from cranial and facial bones
8 cranial bones protect the brain.
14 facial bones (12 paired left and right, 2 individual).

9. Axial Skeleton The Vertebral Column:
24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar
The vertebrae are separated by fibrocartilage discs that allow the vertebral column to be flexible.

10. Axial Skeleton The Thorax: The sternum and 12 pairs of ribs
All 12 pairs of ribs attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae
First 7 pairs attach anteriorly to the sternum
Last 5 pairs attach indirectly or not at all anteriorly
The bony thorax encloses the lungs, heart, and other organs of the thoracic cavity.

11.  What are the four components of the skeletal system?
Name the five functions of the skeletal system?
What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons?
1) bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments
2) support of the body, protection of soft organs, movement due to attached skeletal muscles: “passive”, storage of minerals and fats, blood cell formation
3) axial = central skeleton, appendicular = attached skeleton

12. Appendicular Skeleton
The Shoulder Girdles (2):
Each composed of a scapula and a clavicle
Attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
Are lightweight, poorly reinforced girdles that allow the upper limbs a great deal of freedom of movement

13. Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Upper Limbs:
Arm: the humerus
Forearm: radius and ulna
Hand: carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

14. Appendicular Skeleton
The Pelvic Girdle:
Formed by 2 coxal (hip) bones and the sacrum
Each coxal bone is a fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones
The pelvic girdle is securely attached to the vertebral column and the socket for the thigh bone is deep and heavily reinforced to support the weight of the upper body.

15. Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the Lower Limbs:
Thigh: the femur
Leg: tibia and fibula
Foot: tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

16.  What types of bones form the skull?
What are the bones of the upper limbs?
What are the bones of the lower limbs?
cranial and facial
arm, forearm, hand
thigh, leg, foot