1. Sufis = “woolly ones” = Muslim mystics
zuhd = ascetic piety
Hasan of Basra (d. 728)
Ahmad ibn Hanbal (d. 855)
wali = friend (of God)

2. Sufi Methods and Characteristics
Retirement from world and meditation
Spiritual orientation for life incl. disregard
for others’ views of Sufi, trust in God,
living only in moment, not taking
opportunities that were not clearly
divine blessings
Sought to love God for Himself alone
Ascetic lifestyle

3. salat (ritual prayer)
al-Haqq (the Truth,
that which is right)

4. fana’ (passing away) baqa’ (continuance) al-Hallaj (d. 922)
al-Bistami (d. 874)
al-Junayd (d. 910)
fana’ (passing away) baqa’ (continuance)
al-Hallaj (d. 922)
“ana al-haqq” = “I am the Truth”

5. maqam = level of training or growth
hal = “state” i.e. transitory experience
seen as gift from God
shaykh/pir = Sufi master
dhikr = chanting of ritual phrases to
attain mystical state
sama‘ = listening to music or poetry
composed for God