1. Outline Part II. Structure Formation: Dark Matter
5. Linear growth of fluctuations by gravitational Instability
6. Statistics of fluctuations: initial fluctuations and the cold-dark-matter scenario
7. Nonlinear growth of structure: spherical collapse, virial equilibrium, Zeldovich approximation and the cosmic web, N-body simulations
8. Hierarchical clustering: Press-Schechter halo distribution, EPS merger trees, galaxy/halo biasing, HOD and correlation function
9. Dark-matter halos: universal profile, the cusp/core problem, dynamical friction, tidal effects, halo shape
10. Substructure of dark-matter halos, phase-space density

2. Outline cont. Part III. Galaxy Formation: Including gas and Stars
11. Angular momentum: tidal-torque theory, halo spin, disk formation, the AM problem
12. Galaxy bimodality: observations, virial shock heating, star formation and quenching mechanisms, downsizing
13. Dwarf galaxies and supernova feedback
14. Formation of elliptical galaxies by mergers: missing dark matter? origin of scaling relations, origin of red sequence and downsizing
15. Galaxy formation at high redshift: cold streams, clumpy disks and compact spheroids
16. Massive black holes in galaxies: AGN feedback
17. Semi-analytic modeling of galaxy formation

3. Linear Growth of Fluctuations by Gravitational Instavility
2dF
WMAP

4. 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey ¼ M galaxies 2003
1/4 of the horizon
CFA Survey 1980

5. History
Early Universe
Cosmic Microwave Background
Today
time

6. Cosmological Epochs recombination last scattering
380 kyr
z~1000
recombination last scattering
CMB transparent optical opaque: “dark ages”
180 Myr
z=8.81.5
first stars reionization
galaxy formation: optical transparent → see galaxies
today
13.8 Gyr

7. Gravitational instability
small-amplitude fluctuations:
gravitatinal instability:
galaxy cluster
void

10. גידול הפלקטואציות - המארג הקוסמי

11. Gravitational Instability: linear, matter-era
Continuity
Euler
Poisson

12. gravity pressure

13. pressure gravity

14. Properties of the linear growing mode:
The Jeans scale in an expanding universe:

15. Statistics of Fluctuations:
Lecture
Statistics of Fluctuations:
The Cold Dark Matter Scenario

16. The Initial Fluctuations
At Inflation: Gaussian, adiabatic
a realization of an ensemble
fluctuation field
ensembe average ~ volume average
Fourier
Power Spectrum
rms M δ k Pk

17. Scale-Invariant Spectrum (Harrison-Zel’dovich)
mass M t
time  M

18. Cosmological Scales
mass
teq
zeq~104 t0
time

19.  growth when matter is self-gravitating
CDM Power Spectrum
mass t
time
teq
 growth when matter is self-gravitating 
Meq
mass
CDM Pk
kpeak  m h k
CDM
HDM
HDM free streeming

20. Formation of Large-Scale Structure
Fluctuation growth in the linear regime:
rms fluctuation at mass scale M:
Typical objects forming at t:
example M 1
CDM: bottom-up M 1
free streaming
HDM: top-down

21. Micro-Macro Connection
Cold Dark Matter
Hot Dark Matter 

22. 2dF redshift survey
25% of horizon

23. 2dF and Mocks

24. Power Spectrum

25. Success of the LCDM Power Spectum