1. World War I: The Start of War

2. Unit 5 Vocabulary: World War I
U-boats: German submarines

3. An Assassination Leads to War
Archduke Francis Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
He was going to visit Sarajevo, Bosnia, a province of Hungary
Sarajevo wanted to be independent from Austria-Hungary
Serbian nationalists and other terrorists planned to murder the Archduke upon his arrival to Sarajevo in order to gain independence
During the visit Ferdinand and Sophie were riding in a car along a river when a terrorist threw a bomb at their car
The archduke pushed it aside quickly, and the bomb went off under the following car causing serious injuries

4. The Assassination
What happened to the assassins of the Archduke and his wife? (Discovery Education)
Two are sent to jail and one is hanged
After the bomb attempt, Archduke Ferdinand requested to be taken to the hospital to visit those injured by the bomb
His driver took a wrong turn into a side street
Gavrilo Princip, a young member of the Serbian nationalist group, was standing on the street
As the car began to reverse onto the street, Princip stepped forward and shot both Archduke Ferdinand and Sophie, who both died minutes later

5. The Start of War
Rulers of Austria-Hungary blamed the Serbian government for the assassination
Germany joined with Austria-Hungary to support them
Austria-Hungary sent harsh demands to Serbia
Serbia refused to accept them
Austria-Hungary declared war

6. A Domino of Alliances
Russia, who agreed to protect Serbia, prepared for war
Germany and Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia
Germany knew France was an ally of Russia and declared war on France as well
Germany invaded Belgium as a plan to sweep across the eastern and northern France
By doing this, Germany violated a treaty guaranteeing Belgium’s neutrality
Great Britain, who agreed to protect Belgium, declared war on Germany

7. The “Great War” Begins Allied Powers Central Powers Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy joined in later (1915)
Did not honor alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary and switched sides
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Japan joined in later (1914)

8. Battles Begin
Germany hoped to defeat France quickly by going through Belgium
This would allow Germany to then move troops east to Russia
Plan almost did not succeed
Belgians held out for nearly three weeks
Gave the French and British time to mobilize their forces
Germans marched into France
French and British were able to stop the German advance at the Marne River

9. Battle of the Marne River
British and French saved Paris from invasion by the Germans and boosted French morale
Made it very clear that neither side was capable of winning the war quickly or easily

10. After the Battle… Fighting in Western Europe reached a stalemate
Next three years, the opposing armies faced each other across an elaborate network of deep trenches
Trenches along the front line provided some protection from flying bullets and artillery shells
Support trenches behind the lines served as headquarters, first-aid stations, and storage areas

12. Trench Warfare When did trench warfare begin?
Civil War
How many men would you lose in three months in World War I?
Half a million men
What ended the stalemate of trenches?
Technology
Tanks and airplanes made trenches obsolete (WWII)
Trench Warfare
Bet You Didn't Know: Trench Warfare

13. Battle of Verdun
1916: both sides attempted to break the deadlock of trench warfare by launching major offensives
At first the Germans made some gains but were lost to French counterattacks
One of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war was the Battle of Verdun
More than 750,000 French and German soldiers had lost their lives
Who attacked who first in the Battle of Verdun?
Germany attacked France
What was the new weapon used by Germany during the war?
The flamethrower
(Discovery Education)

14. Battle of the Somme
British and French launched their own offensive while the Battle of Verdun continued
Number of casualties were high
Allies only gained about 7 miles
Who planned the offensive against who?
French and British against the Germans
When did most of the casualties occur?
Within the first hour
Battle of the Somme

15. Death and Technology
World War I saw many casualties and brought a lot of technology
Cannons and other artillery improved
Larger shells allowed for greater distances and better accuracy
Poison gas (chemical warfare) was introduced
Used first by Germans and later by the Allies
Armored tanks were created
The airplane was the most dramatic new weapon
Watched troop movements and bombed enemy targets
Dog fights or aerial duels occurred in the skies
Zeppelin, or blimp, were used by Germans to bomb cities

16. On the Seas Land armies were deadlocked in western Europe
Both sides looked to the sea to gain an advantage
Great Britain was able to blockade German ports
Caused shortages for Germany
Germany created an effective naval weapon
U-boats: submarines
Prevented supplies such as food from reaching Great Britain
Attacks by U-boats on ships at sea will eventually affect the United States and changed the course of war