1. Main changes in 2018 revision of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2

2. General comment
The 2016 edition of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, completely redrafted and restructured the text of the 2011 edition.
Most of the changes made in the edition are simple clarifications of the new text.
Some elements of the 2011 edition which were removed in the 2016 edition have been reintroduced.

3. Terminological entries
Terminological entries are reintroduced for the following terms (these terminological entries were removed in the 2016 edition):
Technical Specification
Publicly Available Specification
Guide
Technical Report

4. Terms and definitions
Clarification is reintroduced on the following aspects of terms and definitions (these clarifications were removed in the edition):
Terms shall be presented in their basic grammatical form
Definitions shall not take the form of and shall not contain a requirement

5. Verbal forms
Verbal forms used to express provisions are modified as follows:
“needs to” and “need not” are no longer proposed as equivalent expressions of requirements
“need not” is replaced by “may not” as the expression of permission in the negative form

6. Structure & clause numbering
Clarification is given on the following:
The Scope shall be numbered as Clause 1
The Normative references clause shall be numbered as Clause 2 and shall only appear once in a document
The Terms and definitions clause shall be numbered as Clause 3 and shall only appear once in a document
The Bibliography shall not have a clause number

7. Referencing of patented items
To close a loophole in the Common Patent Policy in the case of normative references, clarification is provided on the rules relating to referencing of patented items as follows:
In the absence of appropriate ISO or IEC documents, those published by other bodies may be listed as normative references provided that (…)
e) any patented item required for the implementation of the ISO and/or IEC deliverable in the referenced document is available to be licensed in accordance with subclause 2.14 of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, 2018, “Reference to Patented items”

8. Miscellaneous
Clarification is given that informative annexes may contain optional requirements
The correct use of notes and footnotes is summarized in a new table
The correct presentation of a graph is illustrated in a new figure
Clarification of where to find additional rules on management standards and management system standards is specified in a separate clause