1. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Ch. 4
Biology HP

2. Biology Standards
1f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts, and stored via the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.
1g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.
i.* how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production.

3. Photosynthesis & Respiration
-Occurs in _________.
-Produces ______ using _______ energy in glucose
-Plants & Animals (________ &_________)
______ + 6 _____  6_____ + 6 ______
Photosynthesis
-Occurs in _________.
-Produces _______ using ______ energy
-Plants only (________)
light + 6 ____ + 6 ____  _____ + 6 ______

5. Photosynthesis
process by which plants convert solar energy to _________ compounds (___________)
Plants = “___________” (make their own food)
Chemical Equation
light + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  _____ (glucose) + 6 O2

6. Chloroplast Site of _______________
Contains _________ that absorbs energy from sunlight
Structure of a chloroplast:
1) Double membrane
2) __________: contain _________; where _______ _______ takes place
3) _________: stacks of thylakoids
4) _________: space between
grana

7. Chloroplast Structure

8. Plant Pigments Function: absorb sunlight in chloroplast
main pigment = _____________
accessory pigment = ________, ________, __________
_________ light at different wavelengths and ________ what is not absorbed.

9. Colors and Wavelengths
Plants are green b/c _____ wavelength is NOT absorbed but reflected.
_____ and ______ wavelengths are highly absorbed.

11. Photosynthesis - 2 steps
1. ____________
requires sunlight;
occurs in __________ (_______________)
2. ___________
(____________)
does not require sunlight
occurs in _______

12. Photosynthesis - 2 steps Continued…
1. ________
FUNCTION:
1) To make __________
________________ (ATP & NADPH) using solar energy (photons).
2) Splits _______ to make _________as a by-product. (____________)
ATP & NADPH (a temporary energy storage molecule)
are used in Dark rxn later.
2. _________
(_______ Cycle)
FUNCTION:
To make ________from _______using energy (ATP & NADPH) from light rxn.
It takes 6 turns of Calvin cycle to fix CO2 (1 carbon) Into C6H12O6 (6 carbons) or glucose.

13. ___________ captures and transfers energy.
_________ absorbs energy from sunlight.
energized electrons enter _____________ _______________.
_____ molecules are split and _____ is released as waste.
______________ are transported across thylakoid membrane.

14. ___________ captures energy and produces energy-carrying molecules.
_________ absorbs energy from sunlight.
energized electrons are used to make ________.
NADPH is transferred to light-independent reactions.

15. The light-dependent reactions produce _____ using electron transport chain.
hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the thylakoid membrane.
____________ attached to the channel makes ATP.

16. Cellular Respiration Process by which plant and animal cells
make ________ (energy)
-Occurs in _____________.
Chemical equation
__________ (glucose) + 6 O2 ________ + ________ + ATP

17. Mitochondria Structure
_______= folded lining; where ATP is made
_______ = the inner part of mitochondria where Kreb Cycle occurs.
____ ________ = electron transport occurs here.
Outer membrane

18. ATP
ATP is made up of ______, ________, ___________; energy-carrying molecules.
(_____ = Adenosine Triphsophates)
(_____ = Adenosine Diphosphates)
(_____ = Adenosine Monophosphate)
Energy is stored in _______ between phosphates

19. How does ATP store energy?
ATP  ADP + P

20. CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
(NO ____ Needed)
OXYGEN PRESENT
OXYGEN ABSENT

22. Step 1: _____________ Function: breakdown of __________
does NOT require _________
Where does it occur? _______________________
How many ATPs are made? __________
Glucose (6C)  2 ________ _______ (3C) ATP
if O2 is present: enter ______________. (aerobic)
if O2 is absent: enter ______________ (anaerobic)

23. Step 2: _______________ (Citric Acid Cycle)
Function:
Produces temporary energy storage molecules such as _________ and ___________
_________ is given off as a by-product
* Where does it occur? in the ____________________________________
* How many ATPs are made? _________
2 Pyruvic Acids enter; Krebs Cycle must turn twice for every glucose

24. Step 3: _____________________
Function:
Makes __________ using NADH & FADH2 from Krebs Cycle.
Where does it occur? in the __________________
__________________________________________
*How many ATPs are made? ______________
_________ is the last electron acceptor in the chain.
___ATP from Glycolysis + ____ ATP from Krebs Cycle + ____ ATP from ETC =
ATP Total

26. Chemiosmosis (Electron Transport Chain)
____________________– an enzyme that makes ATP’s by adding a phosphate to an ADP.

27. Chemiosmosis (Electron Transport Chain)
1. ______ and _______ provide high-energy electrons. 2. high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain. 3.energy is used to pump _____________across the inner membrane. .
4. As ____________flow back in, __________ (an enzyme) makes ATP’s by adding a phosphate to an ADP.
5. ______ picks up electrons and hydrogen ions and turns into ____-

28. Fermentation occurs when _____ is _________ no net ATP produced
_________ Fermentation: occurs in _____cells
Pyruvic Acid  _______ + CO2
Ex:
2) ________ __Fermentation:
occurs in __________ cells when
O2 is in short supply
Ex: Your muscles fatigue after exercise due to build up of __________.
Pyruvic Acid  _________ ___________