1. Chapter 12: The Symphony
Sonata Form

2. Key Terms Sonata form Slow introduction (optional) Exposition
Development
Recapitulation
Coda (optional)

3. Key Terms Exposition First theme Bridge (transition) Second Group
Second theme
Cadence (closing) theme

4. Key Terms
Development
Fragmentation
Retransition

5. Sonata Form Most important new form of Classical era
Evolved from binary form
Dramatic new way of handling contrasts between keys (tonalities) and themes
Three large sections:
Exposition
Development
Recapitulation

6. Exposition (A) Establishes conflict between two primary keys
Presents (exposes) main themes of movement

7. Exposition (A)

8. Development (B)

9. Recapitulation (A’)
Resolves tension created in Exposition and heightened in Development
Returns to original key
Presents Exposition themes in same order, but with Second Group in original key, thus Recapitulation is more stable than Exposition

10. Recapitulation (A’)

11. Optional Sections Slow Introduction
Slow tempo section added before the Exposition
Often in minor key and very unstable
Builds tension that is resolved by First Theme of Exposition

12. Optional Sections Coda Concluding section that follows Recapitulation
May be short or long
Usually very stable, with repeated cadences and big ending

13. Sonata Form Example: Haydn
Haydn, Symphony No. 95 in C Minor, I